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British rail freight company

DB Cargo UK (formerly DB Schenker Rail UK and English, Welsh & Scottish Railway), is a British rail freight company headquartered in Doncaster, England. The company was established by Wisconsin Central in early 1995 as North & South Railways, successfully acquiring and merging five of the six freight companies that were sold during the privatisation of British Rail. On 25 April 1996, the English, Welsh & Scottish EWS brand was revealed and implemented over successive months. By the end of March 1997, it controlled 90% of the UK rail freight market, operated a fleet of 900 locomotives and 19,000 wagons, and had 7,000 employees. During the late 1990s, EWS invested heavily into rolling stock renewal, procuring a large number of British Rail Class 66 diesel locomotives, headcount was also reduced. It also acquired National Power's open access freight operator in April 1998. During January 2001, the Canadian National Railway acquired a 42.5% stake in the business via its purchase of Wisconsin Central. In 2003, EWS lost the Royal Mail contract to run mail trains. In October 2005, it launched a subsidiary, Euro Cargo Rail, to focus on the French market; that same year, the company acquired the wagon maintenance business Marcroft. During 2006, the Office of Rail Regulation fined EWS £4.1million for anti competitive practices in the coal haulage sector. In November 2007, the company was bought by German train operator Deutsche Bahn for £309 million. In January 2009, EWS was rebranded as DB Schenker. In November 2011, a weekly service using European sized swap bodies commenced between Barking, London and Wrocław, Poland using High Speed 1. In March 2016, the company was rebranded as DB Cargo UK. In October 2016, DB Cargo announced plans to cut 893 jobs in response to a sharp downturn in coal and steel traffic. In the following year, it announced a loss after tax for the financial year of £57 million against a turnover of £325 million. Over the next two years, the company's fleet size was reduced somewhat, mainly through the disposal or sale of older elements. During 2019, DB Cargo signed an agreement with Maritime Transport Ltd to launch a new rail freight operation, Maritime Intermodal.

In 1988, British Rail's (BR) freight operations were split into two divisions Railfreight Distribution (RfD) and Trainload Freight (TLF). RfD took over BR's Freightliner and Speedlink services and general wagonload and trainload services, excluding coal, petroleum, aggregates and metals. BR's bulk trainload services were handled by the Trainload Freight division. During 1991, the Rail Express Systems brand was created to handle mail and postal services. After the passing of the Railways Act 1993, five rail freight companies were formed from RfD and TLF. On 1 April 1994, TLF was split into three separate geographical businesses: Trainload Freight North East, Trainload Freight West and Trainload Freight South East, with each initially given existing contracts, based on the geographic origin of the traffic flow or in the case of power station coal the split was determined by the location of the power stations concerned. There were also some trainload services previously operated by the contract services business of RfD. The three new businesses were to be re branded as Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail Freight for the short duration of their existence. The remainder of RfD was split into two companies: Freightliner (container operations between ports), with the residual RfD company operating freight trains through the Channel Tunnel. The Mail and Parcels business were sold as Rail Express Systems and Red Star Parcels. These companies were subsequently put up for sale by competitive tender.

A new company, North and South Railways Limited, was formed for the purpose of bidding for the ex BR freight businesses being offered for sale. It was owned by a consortium, headed by Wisconsin Central, and financed by multiple investment firms, including Berkshire Partners, Goldman Sachs and Fay Richwhite. On 9 December 1995, North and South Railways purchased Rail Express Systems for £24 million. With this purchase came the contract for the Royal Mail train service, including the Travelling Post Office trains, and the contract to haul the Royal Train. A fleet of 164 locomotives and 677 postal vans were included along with depots at Bristol Barton Hill, Cambridge, Crewe and London Euston. Then, on 24 February 1996, British Rail's three trainload freight companies, Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail Freight were acquired for £225 million. All four companies were subsequently merged into North and South Railways, nullifying the government's effort to create multiple competitive rail freight firms through the privatisation; the decision to allow the creation of a rail freight company with a dominant market position was justified by the additional competition faced from other transport modes. At the time, rail had a 6% share of the freight market. Initially, the four companies continued to trade under their existing names. However, on 25 April 1996, the English, Welsh & Scottish (EWS) brand was unveiled. On 10 July 1996, in accordance with the new branding, the holding company's name was changed to English, Welsh & Scottish Railway Holdings Limited. One of the first actions of the enlarged company was to seek volunteers for redundancy, as it sought to reduce staff numbers by around 3,000, from 7,600. On 24 December 1996, EWS was announced as the preferred bidder for the loss making Railfreight Distribution, for which it received grants and subsidies estimated to amount to £242 million over eight years including subsidies for the use of the Channel Tunnel. Railfreight Distribution's businesses included international containerised freight, movement of cars and automotive components by rail, and freight services for the Ministry of Defence. The sale, which included 157 locomotives, At this point, EWS controlled 90% of the rail freight market. Railfreight Distribution was renamed English Welsh & Scottish Railway International on 1 December 1998. Many locomotives inherited on foundation were considered unreliable, and expensive to maintain; the company invested heavily in modernisation of its rolling stock; by 2002, £750 million had been invested in this manner, resulting in the delivery of 280 new locomotives and in excess of 2,000 new wagons. Around this time, the company was represented by a logo that was colloquially known as the "Beasties", consisting of three heads: the lion of England, the dragon of Wales and the stag of Scotland. A larger version of the logo was called the "Big Beasties". Services included mail, locomotive hire, wagonload traffic (branded 'Enterprise', founded by Transrail Freight), cross channel trains via the Channel Tunnel, trainload freight including oil, aggregates, cement and traffic related to the coal, electricity generation and steel industries, and infrastructure trains for Railtrack. Following privatisation EWS began to compete for Intermodal contracts,#tag:ref|After 2002 began intermodal services from the ports of Felixstowe, Southampton, and Tilbury. In 1999, the company's turnover was £533.7 million, representing an 80% market share in terms of value. On 1 April 1998, open access operator National Power's rail division was taken over by EWS, along with its six Class 59 locomotives and 106 wagons. During late January 2001, the Canadian National Railway announced it had agreed to purchase Wisconsin Central. The deal, which included Wisconsin Central's 42.5% stake in EWS, was concluded in October 2001. During 2003, the Royal Mail terminated its mail train contract with EWS, this traffic was transferred to aircraft and road transport instead. EWS acquired the assets of wagon bogie company Probotec Limited in 2005, It was formed into a new subsidiary, Axiom Rail that also took over responsibility for some of the depots and leasing surplus locomotives overseas. During October 2005, the company launched a new subsidiary, which traded as Euro Cargo Rail, based in the French market. Several Class 66 locomotives were transferred from EWS to Euro Cargo Rail. In November 2005, EWS acquired the wagon maintenance business Marcroft. The Stoke on Trent works was instead incorporated into the Axiom business. By 2006, company turnover was reportedly approaching £1 billion. In 2006, the Office of Rail Regulation fined EWS £4.1million for engaging in anti competitive practices in the coal haulage business; at the time, the company held a virtual monopoly on such traffic; its practices had led to official complaints from both Enron and Freightliner Heavy Haul in the early 2000s.

On 28 June 2007, Deutsche Bahn announced it had agreed to purchase EWS, subject to receiving regulatory approval, in exchange for £309 million. At the time of the acquisition, EWS had a market share of around 70% in the United Kingdom rail freight sector and had around 5,000 employees. After the transaction was approved by the European Commissioner for Competition, the transaction was completed on 13 November 2007. At the time of the sale, it was announced that EWS would not be rebranded, however, on 1 January 2009, EWS was rebranded as DB Schenker along with Deutsche Bahn's Railion and DB Schenker divisions. The first locomotive painted in DB Schenker livery was Class 59 59206 at Toton Depot in January 2009, being formally unveiled at the National Railway Museum, York on 21 January 2009. During 2009, DB Schenker Rail began work to enable Class 92 hauled trains to operate freight services on the High Speed 1 by installing in cab TVM signalling. The project received funding from the European Commission and it was originally anticipated services would begin in early 2010. On 25 March 2011, a modified Class 92 locomotive travelled from Dollands Moor to Singlewell using the TVM430 signalling system for the first time. The first of five planned test trains ran as a loaded container train from Hams Hall, West Midlands to Novara, Italy on 27 May 2011. DB planned to upgrade an additional five Class 92 locomotives to allow them to run on High Speed 1, making a fleet of six. In July 2011, a trial run of wagons carrying curtain walled swap bodies built to a larger European loading gauge was run from Dollands Moor, Folkestone to east London. From 11 November 2011, a weekly service using European sized swap bodies has run between Barking, London and Wroclaw, Poland using High Speed 1. On 2 March 2016, DB Schenker was rebranded as DB Cargo UK. On 17 October 2016, new DB Cargo UK CEO Hans Georg Werner announced plans to cut 893 jobs in a bid to counter 'unprecedented' market changes, these being a combination of factors, including changes in the British Government's energy policy that had resulted in the early closure of coal fired power stations, hence DB Cargo UK ran 78% fewer coal trains compared to 2015, while UK steel volumes were also dropping as the industry had been impacted by high energy prices; this resulted in DB Cargo UK running 33% fewer steel trains from 2015. However, Werner recognised that "overall UK steel demand remains stable". During 2017, DB Cargo UK announced an after tax loss for the financial year of £57 million against a turnover of £325 million.

EWS inherited a fleet of 1,231 locomotives from its British Rail acquisitions. During May 1996, the company placed a £375 million order for 250 Class 66 and 30 Class 67 diesel electric locomotives with the American locomotive manufacturer Electro Motive Diesel (EMD); the deal was referred to as "the biggest British loco order since steam days". These replaced a large proportion of its original fleet, including all of the 20, 31, 33, 37, 47, 56, 58, 73 and 86 class locomotives. Through improved utilisation, they also replaced many of the newer 60 and 90 class locomotives as well. During 1999, EWS gained the attention of the Rail Regulator for its practice of scrapping serviceable locomotives rather than making them available for sale to potential competitors; on future disposals, the company was compelled to make efforts to sell units before being allowed to scrap them. Several of the firm's redundant locomotives saw further use on infrastructure trains in Europe, such as numerous Class 37s operated in France (40), Italy (2) and Spain (14), Class 56s in France (30), and Class 58s in France (26), the Netherlands (3) and Spain (8). During September 2010, twenty Class 60s were offered for disposal by DB Schenker. Many marked for disposal had sustained catastrophic failures or were otherwise in a poor condition. According to Rail Magazine, rumours that DB Schenker was interested in replacing the Class 60's engines were prevalent around this time. In January 2011, DB Schenker announced that seven units would undergo overhauls, along with an option to overhaul a further fourteen members of the class; this work reportedly extended the fleet's operational life by 15 years. During January 2013, the overhaul programme was described as an "upgrade" that created a new fleet of "Super 60's". The programme involved the complete overhaul, but not total replacement, of the locomotive's engine, as well as the refurbishment of various elements, including the traction motors, bogies, control gear, cabs, and electrical systems. In 2018, DB Cargo sold ten Class 66 locomotives to GBRf for an undisclosed sum, comprising eight stored and two active locomotives many with significant engine defects. In 2019, it also sold all of its 59/2 fleet to Freightliner following the latter's takeover of the Mendip stone traffic. DB Cargo also sold five Class 60s to private sales/metal recyclers. In 2023 in response to the UK Energy crisis DB Cargo UK's current managing director Andrea Rossi announced intentions to withdraw all of their Class 90s with the intention to sell or scrap the locomotives with Rossi stating that the running of electric hauled traction was no longer economically viable, the company instead decided that electric hauled traction would be replaced by diesel traction such as the Class 66 locomotive. The company also stated that they will pledge for further research and implementation of alternative EVO based fuels to meet their climate targets. In September 2023 12 Class 90s were offered for sale on DBs website the locomotives listed were; 90017,
90018, 90022, 90023, 90025, 90027, 90030, 90031, 90032, 90033, 90038 and 90040.

ClassImageTypeBuiltQty. Wheel ArrNumbers/Notes58Diesel locomotive1983–198727Co Co EWS inherited the BR fleet of 50 locomotives, the majority subsequently being exported to work on high speed line construction in France and Spain, with 10 being sold on to Transfesa (now stored in Alicante, Spain). The 27 still in DB Cargo ownership are also in store at Metz and Rouen, France and Barcelona, Spain.661998–200079 79 exported to DB Cargo operations in Europe.92Electric locomotive1993–199613 9 exported to DB Cargo Romania and 4 to DB Cargo Bulgaria. In 2018, DB Cargo Romania sold 4 of their fleet of Class 92s to Transagent Rail Croatia. Total119

As well as an extensive fleet of freight wagons, DB Schenker Rail operate a small fleet of Mark 2 and Mark 3 carriages, some of the latter form the DB Cargo Company Train.

DB Cargo's primary maintenance depot is Toton. The electric fleet is maintained at Crewe. With a modern fleet requiring less maintenance, many of the depots EWS inherited have closed. Some of its other facilities including Bristol Barton Hill, Cambridge, Eastleigh and Newcastle were transferred to fellow Deutsche Bahn subsidiary LNWR (now Arriva TrainCare). During 2001, EWS commenced a contract to service Virgin CrossCountry's Class 220/221 fleets at Bristol Barton Hill, Eastleigh, Newcastle, Old Oak Common and Three Bridges.

Since its inception, EWS had provided locomotives for the Caledonian Sleeper. It inherited the contract from Rail Express Systems to provide Class 37 and 47s north of Edinburgh Waverley. During March 1998, it also began hauling the services south from Edinburgh Waverley and Glasgow Central to London Euston with Class 90s. Class 67s replaced the Class 37s and 47s in the early 2000s. This contract was taken over by GBRf in March 2015. During April 2003, EWS purchased the Rail Charter Services business from William McAlpine along with its 70 Mark 1 carriages. By October 2014, EWS Class 67s had started hauling passenger services on behalf of Arriva Trains Wales, Chiltern Railways and First ScotRail. EWS also provides locomotives for the Venice Simplon Orient Express. EWS have previously hauled passenger trains for Anglia Railways, Arriva Trains Northern, First Great Western First North Western, National Express East Anglia, Valley Lines, Virgin CrossCountry Virgin West Coast and Wrexham & Shropshire. Since its inception, EWS has held the contract to operate the Royal Train. Initially, two Class 47s were dedicated to this work; these were replaced in 2004 by a pair of Class 67s. From September 2016, Virgin Trains East Coast hired class 90 locomotives from DB Cargo for use on services to Leeds, York and Newcastle. Locomotives used have varied as demand required.

During April 1996, EWS adopted a maroon and yellow livery. In January 2009, the DB Schenker corporate red livery was adopted.

Alongside DB Cargo's regular operations, a number of steam charters are operated in the UK by steam locomotives on DB Cargo's operating licence. NumberNameClassLiveryOwnerTOPS No. Mainline untilMax SpeedAir BrakesLocationPhotographStatusNotes2001Cock O' The NorthLNER P2 2 8 2N/ADoncaster P2 Locomotive Trust 988## –75 mphYesDoncasterUnder overhaul / restoration / constructionStreamlined shape newbuild, replica of original2007Prince of WalesLNER P2 2 8 2N/AA1 Steam Locomotive Trust988## –75 mphYesDarlingtonUnder overhaul / restoration / constructionOriginal shape newbuild, next member of class5029Nunney CastleGWR "Castle" 4 6 0N/AJeremy Hosking98728 –75 mphYesCrewe LNWRUnder overhaul / restoration / construction6024King Edward IGWR "King" 4 6 0N/ARoyal Scot Locomotive and General Trust98824 –75 mphYesMineheadUnder overhaul / restoration / construction34046BrauntonSR "West Country" 4 6 2BR Green, Late CrestJeremy Hosking98746202375 mphYesCrewe LNWROperational35028 Clan LineSR "Merchant Navy" 4 6 2BR Green, Late CrestMerchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society98828–75 mphYesStewarts LaneOperationalOperational as of April 20245551The Unknown WarriorLMS "Patriot" 4 6 0LMS Crimson Lake (on completion)LMS Patriot Project98651 –75 mphYesButterleyUnder overhaul / restoration / constructionReplica of last class member to be built.46100Royal ScotLMS "Royal Scot" 4 6 0BR Green, Early EmblemRoyal Scot Locomotive and General Trust98701202275 mphYesCrewe LNWROperational6233Duchess of SutherlandLMS "Princess Coronation" 4 6 2LMS Crimson LakePrincess Royal Class Loco. Trust98834202575 mphYesYork NRMOperational60007Sir Nigel GresleyLNER A4 4 6 2BR BlueSir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Trust98898 –75 mphYesYork NRMMainline / Preservation
(Operational)60009Union of South AfricaLNER A4 4 6 2BR Green, Late CrestJohn Cameron98809 –75 mphYesYork NRMExpired Mainline Certificate / Withdrawn from Service / Stored4464BitternLNER A4 4 6 2LNER Garter BlueJeremy Hosking98819 –75 mphYesMargateExpired Mainline Certificate / Withdrawn from Service / StoredRecently moved to the Hornby Hobbies Visitor Centre for temporary display.60103Flying Scotsman LNER A3 4 6 2BR Green, Late CrestNational Collection98872202375 mphYesYork NRMOperational, Heritage Railway/Museum60163TornadoLNER A1 4 6 2BR Brunswick GreenA1 Steam Locomotive Trust98863202290 mphYesRedmireOperational, Heritage Railway/Museum60532Blue PeterLNER A2 4 6 2N/ARoyal Scot Locomotive and General Trust98832 –75 mphYes (Post Overhaul)Crewe LNWRUnder overhaul / restoration / construction70000BritanniaBR Standard Class 7 4 6 2BR Green, Late CrestRoyal Scot Locomotive and General Trust98700202075 mphYesCrewe LNWROperational71000Duke of GloucesterBR Standard Class 8 4 6 2BR Green, Early Emblem (on completion)Class 8 Steam Locomotive Trust98802 –75 mphYesTyseley LWUnder overhaul / restoration / constructionTo be based at Tyseley following overhaul