Гүлді өсімдіктер Rubiaceae тұқымдасы: кофе, мадер және талшын тұқымдастары

Family of flowering plants including coffee, madder and bedstraw

Rubiaceae (/r//uː//b//i/'/eɪ//s//iː/,/iː//, // //s//i/,/aɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. The leaves of the Kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa) contain a variety of alkaloids, including several psychoactive alkaloids and is traditionally prepared and consumed in Southeast Asia, where it has been known to exhibit both painkilling and stimulant qualities, behaving as a μ opioid receptor agonist, and often being used in traditional Thai medicine in a similar way to and often as a replacement for opioid painkillers like morphine.

Originally from China, the common gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) is a widely grown garden plant and flower in frost free climates worldwide. Several other species from the genus are also seen in horticulture. The genus Ixora contains plants cultivated in warmer climate gardens; the most commonly grown species, Ixora coccinea, is frequently used for pretty red flowering hedges. Mussaenda cultivars with enlarged, colored calyx lobes are shrubs with the aspect of Hydrangea; they are mainly cultivated in tropical Asia. The New Zealand native Coprosma repens is a commonly used plant for hedges. The South African Rothmannia globosa is seen as a specimen tree in horticulture. Nertera granadensis is a well known house plant cultivated for its conspicuous orange berries. Other ornamental plants include Mitchella, Morinda, Pentas, and Rubia.

Rose madder, the crushed root of Rubia tinctorum, yields a red dye, and the tropical Morinda citrifolia yields a yellow dye.

Cinchona officinalis is the national tree of Ecuador and Peru. Coffea arabica is the national flower of Yemen. Ixora coccinea is the national flower of Suriname. Warszewiczia coccinea is the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago.