Көлік тарихы: 19 ғасырдың технологиялық жетістіктері

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This is a timeline of transportation technology and technological developments in the culture of transportation.

1801 – Richard Trevithick ran a full sized steam 'road locomotive' on the road in Camborne, England. 1816 – The most likely originator of the Bicycle is the German, Baron Karl von Drais, who rode his 1816 machine while collecting taxes from his tenants. 1819 – , the first vessel to cross the Atlantic Ocean partly under steam power, arrives at Liverpool, England from Savannah, Georgia. 1819 Denis Johnson invents kick scooter. 1822 – Stephenson built a locomotive and designed the railway for Hetton Colliery which is first railway not to use any horse traction but it did have several rope hauled sections. 1822 – First Meeting of Liverpool Manchester Railway Company Permanent Committee. 1825 Stephenson's Locomotion No. 1 runs on Stockton & Darlington Railway which opens as first public railway and uses horses and self propelled steam engines and stationary engines with ropes along a single track. No stations and no timetables as anyone could hire the track to use their own vehicle on it. 1825 – Sir Goldsworthy Gurney invented a series of steam powered passenger carriages and by 1829 completed the 120 mile journey from London to Bath, Somerset and back. 1825 The first suspension railway was opened at Cheshunt, England, United Kingdom on 25 June. 1826 – Bill passed for Liverpool and Manchester Railway at second attempt and George Stephenson commences work on 35 mile twin track line permitting simultaneous travel in both directions between the 2 towns. Means of traction not specified to reduce opposition. 1828 – Stephenson's "Lancashire Witch" runs on Bolton and Leigh Railway line a public goods line to connect Leeds and Liverpool Canal and Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal. Railway has rope hauled and self propelled steam engines and single track. 1829 – Rainhill Trials to find best self propelled engine for Liverpool Manchester line are won by Robert Stephenson's Rocket proving there is no need for horse traction or static engines on the main line. Rocket becomes basic formula for all future steam engines with boiler tubes, blast pipe, and the use of coal rather than coke. 1830 – Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens. First public transport system without animal traction, first public line with no rope hauled sections for main journey, first twin track, first railway between 2 large towns, first timetabled trains, first railway stations, first train faster than a mail coach, first tunnels under streets, first proper modern railway which formed the template for all subsequent railways. 1837 The first electric locomotive built in 1837 was a battery locomotive. It was built by chemist Robert Davidson of Aberdeen in Scotland, and it was powered by galvanic cells (batteries). 1838 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's , the first purpose built transatlantic steamship, inaugurates the first regular transatlantic steamship service. 1839 An early electric boat was developed by the German inventor Moritz von Jacobi in 1839 in St Petersburg, Russia. It was a 24 feet (7 m) boat which carried 14 passengers at It was successfully demonstrated to Emperor Nicholas I of Russia on the Neva River. 1840s – Railway Mania sweeps UK and Ireland. 6,220 miles (10,010 km) of railway line were built
1843 Dalkey Atmospheric railway opens. 1847 The first steam railcar was designed by James Samuel, the Eastern Counties Railway Locomotive Engineer, built by William Bridges Adams in 1847, and trialled between Shoreditch and Cambridge on 23 October 1847. 1849 Sir George Cayley's gliders achieved brief wing borne hops from around 1849.

2020 – The COVID 19 pandemic, partly due to lockdowns, temporarily drastically reduces the use of surface (including public) and air transport technologies. Cycling is an exception to this and increased during the pandemic, along with bike sales. 2022 – A study for the first time attempts to assess and quantify complete societal costs of cars (i. e. car use, etc.) by quantifying externalities. 2022 – A study estimates the air pollution impacts on climate change and the ozone layer from rocket launches and re entry of reusable components and debris in 2019 and from a theoretical future space industry extrapolated from the "billionaire space race". It concludes that substantial effects from routine space tourism should "motivate regulation". 2023 – A study outlines challenges of aviation decarbonization by 2050 whose identified factors mainly are future demand, continuous efficiency improvements, new short haul engines, higher SAF (biofuel) production (including measures that affect their competitiveness and deployment), removal to compensate for non forcing, and related policy options. With constant air transport demand and aircraft efficiency, decarbonizing aviation would require nearly five times the 2019 worldwide biofuel production, competing with other hard to decarbonize sectors and land use (or food security).

2020 – First commercial flight of a hydrogen fuel cell plane. 2020 – Google Maps begins including bike shares in its widely used route planning functionality. Early 2020s – Researchers investigate safe ways of public transport during the COVID 19 pandemic. – The first rail line entirely run by hydrogen powered trains debuts in Germany. The state company owning the railway later switches to electric models since they are "cheaper to operate". Two other hydrogen trains have been reported as of 2023: Mireo Plus H by Siemens in Germany (under development) and an urban train by the Railway Rolling Stock Corporation in China. 2023 – The first test runs of a superconducting maglev test line, called a hyperloop, are carried out in Datong, China (50 km/h of ~1,000 km/h). Hyperloop One conducted the world's first test carrying passengers in pods, reaching a speed of 172 km/h in Los Angeles in 2020, but reportedly abandoned the goal of transporting humans as of 2023. 2023 – A comeback of sleeping trains in Europe is reported as demand for more comfortable travel modes than overnight buses and sustainable transport rises. A new generation of such trains is released.

Milestones in autonomous sustainable / public transport vehicles are also listed in this section. 2020 CR400BF C 'Fuxing Hao', a variant of CR400 Fuxing series, running on Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway is the world first high speed rail service capable of driverless automation in commercial operations. The specific Grade of Automation (GoA) was not announced. Early 2020s Multiple electric, autonomous buses open for public transport – albeit with a local professional driving assistant – are being launched around the world after the first such bus started operating for the general public in a Swiss town in 2018. 2021 – The pilot project of the "world's first automated, driverless train" is launched in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The conventional, standard track, non metro train technology could, according to reports, theoretically be implemented for rail transport worldwide and is reported to also be substantially more energy efficient. 2021 – The world's first urban autonomous vessels, Roboats, are deployed in the canals of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The ships developed by three institutions could carry up to five people, collect waste, deliver goods, and provide "on demand infrastructure". 2021 – The first autonomous cargo ship, MV Yara Birkeland is launched in Norway. The fully electric ship is expected to substantially reduce the need for truck journeys.