Германияның Хүрт қаласы: тарихы мен географиясы

Hürth is a town in the Rhein Erft Kreis, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Hürth shares borders with the city of Cologne and is about 6 km to the southwest of Cologne city centre, at the northeastern slope of the natural preserve Kottenforst Ville. The town consists of thirteen districts, once independent villages, and is distributed over a relatively large area. The municipal area is interspersed with lakes and stretches of forest. In former times, the Eifel Aqueduct, a Roman aqueduct which supplied the city of Cologne with drinking water, went through Hürth. Remnants of various aqueducts can still be found underground. It is also famous as the birthplace of Michael and Ralf Schumacher.

Hürth is situated about 6 km to the southwest of Cologne city centre, at the northeastern slope of the Kottenforst Ville nature reserve. The town, consisting of thirteen formerly independent villages, is essentially made up of numerous subdivisions and commercial centres distributed over a relatively large area. The municipal area is interspersed with lakes and stretches of forest.

Hürth's coat of arms shows an eagle from the family coat of arms belonging to the knight Hurth von Schönecken, the cross of Cologne and a cogwheel that refers to the heavy industry. It was awarded to the community on October 26, 1934, by a verdict of the Prussian Ministry of State.

On April 1, 1930, the rural communities of Hürth (with Alstädten and Knapsack), Berrenrath, Fischenich, Gleuel (with Sielsdorf and Burbach), Hermülheim and Kendenich (with Kalscheuren) were united into a new country community called Hürth. After the same year's failed attempt by the city of Cologne, with its then mayor Konrad Adenauer, to incorporate Efferen, Efferen was associated to Hürth in 1933, in tandem with Stotzheim. This made Hürth the largest rural community of Germany until 1978, when Hürth ceased being a rural community and became a suburb of Cologne as new developments in Efferen closed the gap between the city of Cologne and Hürth. The country administration of the rural district Cologne was seated in Hürth on November 22, 1963. From 1816, it had been seated in the city of Cologne itself. The administration moved to Bergheim on September 3, 1993. Hürth is home to the Bundessprachenamt, which was founded on July 4, 1969.

Alstädten was first mentioned documentarily in 1185.

Burbach was first mentioned documentarily in 1233. Nowadays, Alstädten and Burbach are one district named Alstädten Burbach.

Berrenrath was first mentioned documentarily in 922. The resettlement of Berrenrath onto a now abandoned brown coal mine was decided on February 27, 1952. This was necessary due to mining plans of the Roddergrube AG. The resettlement was completed in the September 1995.

The Efferen district had its first documentary mention as a pastoral town in 1189. The Catholics first humbled themselves with a plain wooden church. On June 6, 1869, this church was replaced with a solid building, consecrated by auxiliary bishop Baudri. On October 31, 1944, large parts of Efferen, including the church and the hospital, were destroyed in an air raid; thirty six people died. On December 20, 1953, Boue, a member of the church assembly, consecrated the newly built Evangelic church, designed by architect Jürgen Körber. Two years later, on November 25, 1956, a new Roman Catholic church, which was designed by the Cologne architects Wolfram Borgard and Fritz Volmer, was consecrated by auxiliary bishop Wilhem Cleven.

Fischenich was first mentioned documentarily in 1189.

Gleuel was first mentioned documentarily in 898.

Hermülheim was first mentioned documentarily in 943. In Hermülheim the town's two grammar schools are located: the Ernst Mach Gymnasium and the Albert Schweizer Gymnasium.

Hürth was first mentioned documentarily in 1185.

The building of the residential area Hürth Mitte, that was begun in 1964 according to a decision by the municipal council in 1960, had the aim of establishing a "city centre" in the approximate geographic centre of Hürth. The decision was evidently benefitted by the constantly raising population in those times. This was partially completed by 1985, with the new town hall and community centre having been erected. Hürth Mitte is also the site of the Hürth Park, a shopping mall, which serves as the town's economic and social centre. Hürth Mitte is not a district for itself, but officially belongs to Hermülheim.

Kalscheuren was first mentioned documentarily in 1305.

Kendenich was first mentioned documentarily in 941.

Knapsack, its first documentary mention in 1566, started to emerge into a notable town after 1900 due to establishment and development of industry (1906 the Knapsack Griesheim AG, later known as the Hoechst AG; 1913 construction of the brown coal power plant Goldenberg Werk). Due to environmental constraints, 4,000 citizens had to be resettled between the years 1969 and 1979.

Sielsdorf was first mentioned documentarily in 898.

Stotzheim was first mentioned documentarily in 1223.

In former times, the Eifel Aqueduct, a Roman aqueduct which supplied the city of Cologne with drinking water, went through Hürth. A couple of springs and streams in today's municipal area were used for that purpose before the Eifel aqueduct was built. Remnants of the aqueducts can still be found in the underground of the city.

Tower 93 of Facility 4101, situated north of Bleibtreusee at , is a 74.84 metres tall electricity pylon, capable of carrying four 380 kV circuits, which was built in 1975 as strainer for the double circuit 380 kV line Oberzier Sechtem. In 1977 a covered public observation deck, accessible by a staircase in the centre of the pylon, was installed at a height of 27 metres on this tower, which was in all probability the only observation deck ever installed on an electricity pylon. In 2002 two single phase AC circuits of the 110 kV line Cologne Sindorf used by the German railway company, DB AG, were installed on its lowest crossbar. In 2010 the observation platform, including the staircase, was removed, after repeated vandalism, which concerned also parts important for the integrity of the pylon. Today only a concrete plate between its legs and a pattern in the form of an inverted "v" in its lattice structure remember to the former observation deck.

Since September 29, 1997, Hürth has a bus network that covers most of the city's area. There are six bus lines, labelled 711 through 720, by the city's public transport corporation, and another five lines that are not associated with the SVH, having only a number of bus stops in Hürth. Hürth Kalscheuren station is located in Kalscheuren and operated by Deutsche Bahn. Two Regionalbahn services stop each hour, connecting to Cologne, Bonn and Euskirchen, while other Intercity and Regional Express pass through without stopping. Additionally, Hürth is connected to Cologne and Bonn via the Stadtbahn line 18 of the Cologne Stadtbahn. All local public transport, including that of the Deutsche Bahn, is subject to the Verkehrsverbund Rhein Sieg, which is a combine of public transport organizations, setting unified prices for the whole of the combine.