Еуропарламент Президентінің рөлі мен функциялары

Head of debate oversight in the European Union legislature

The president represents Parliament in all legal matters and external relations, particularly international relations. When the European Council meets, the president addresses it to give the Parliament's position on subjects on the council's agenda. The president also takes part in Intergovernmental Conferences on new treaties. The president's signature is also required for the budget of the European Union and Union acts adopted under codecision procedure to be adopted. The president also chairs conciliation committees with the Council under these areas. With the reorganisation of leading EU posts under the Lisbon Treaty, there was some criticism of each post's vague responsibilities. Ukrainian ambassador to the EU Andriy Veselovsky praised the framework and clarified it in his own terms: The President of the European Commission speaks as the EU's "government" while the President of the European Council is a "strategist". The High Representative specialises in "bilateral relations" while the European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy deals in technical matters such as the free trade agreement with Ukraine. The Parliament's president meanwhile articulates the EU's values such as democratic elections in other countries.

The president is elected by the members of Parliament for a two and a half year term, meaning two elections per parliamentary term, hence two presidents may serve during any one Parliamentary term. Since the 1980s, the two major parties in the Parliament, the European People's Party (EPP) and Party of European Socialists (PES), have had the custom of splitting the two posts between themselves. For example, in the 2004–2009 legislature the EPP supported the PES candidate for president and, when his term expired in 2007, the PES supported the EPP's candidate. This resulted in large majorities for presidents, although there are some exceptions: in the 1999–2004 legislature, under an EPP–Liberal deal, the president for the second half of the term was a Liberal, rather than a Socialist. Starting from the 2009–2014 session of the Parliament the outgoing president presides over the election of the new president, provided that the outgoing president is re elected as an MEP. If the outgoing president is not re elected as an MEP then one of the 14 vice presidents takes up the role. While the outgoing president or vice president is in the chair, they hold all the powers of the president, but the only business that may be addressed is the election of the new president. Before the ballot nominations are handed to the chair who announces them to Parliament. If no member holds an absolute majority after three ballots, a fourth is held with only the two members holding the highest number of votes on the previous ballot. If there is still a tie following this, the eldest candidate is declared elected. A number of notable figures have been President of the Parliament and its predecessors. The first president was Paul Henri Spaak, one of the founding fathers of the Union. Other founding fathers include Alcide de Gasperi and Robert Schuman. The first two female presidents were Simone Veil MEP in 1979 (first president of the elected Parliament) and Nicole Fontaine MEP in 1999, both Frenchwomen. Jerzy Buzek, former Prime Minister of Poland and member of Solidarity Electoral Action, was elected as the first president from the central and eastern European countries which joined in the 2000s (more precisely, he is the first person from a country that joined the EU after 1986 to hold the post).

Prior to 2009, the "oldest member", the eldest MEP (similar to the Father of the House), presided over the chamber during the election of the president rather than the previous president. The member had all the duties of president but the only business that could be addressed was the election of the president. Martin Schulz (SPD, Germany), leader of the S&D group, was speculated as the likely nominee, and in the event he was elected on 17 January 2012. Buzek's presidency is part of the usual People's Party – Socialist agreement to have one presidency each of the two during each parliament. For the 2009–2014 term Buzek gets the post for the first term of office of two and a half years, and someone from the Socialists will get it for the second. The 2004–2009 parliamentary term saw a great amount of co operation between the two groups following on from the 1999–2004 term which saw an EPP ELDR alliance. The Socialist candidate would be Martin Schulz who was unanimously nominated by the group. Diana Wallis (Liberal) and Nirj Deva (Conservative) also announced candidacies. Meanwhile, Graham Watson, the leader of ALDE, stated he wished to challenge this system of carving up the post, and presented himself as a candidate. He made a point of running a public campaign, to contrast against the closed doors agreement of Peoples Party Socialists, which he claimed was the first such campaign to be run. Through this, he also stated he hoped to open up a debate on the role of the president and make the figure more dynamic, to counterbalance the growing power of the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. However, on 8 July 2009 Watson announced that he withdrew his candidacy thus leaving Buzek with only one opponent. The other official candidate was Eva Britt Svensson, nominated from EUL NGL. She campaigned with the slogan "a different voice". She was the first MEP from Sweden to candidate to the position. In the first vote of the new Parliament Jerzy Buzek (EPP, Poland) was elected Parliament president, winning with 555 votes to 89 votes over his opponent Eva Britt Svensson (EUL NGL, Sweden).

At the end of Martin Schulz's term, the presidency for the remainder of the eighth European Parliament (2014–2019) would have been due by convention to pass to an EPP member. However, the EPP–S&D agreement appeared broken, making it less certain that Antonio Tajani (EPP, Italy) would be elected president. The other contenders were Gianni Pittella (S&D, Italy), Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE, Belgium), Helga Stevens (ECR, Belgium), Eleonora Forenza (GUE/NGL, Italy) and Jean Lambert (Greens/EFA, UK). On 17 January 2017, Tajani was elected after four rounds of voting, following the withdrawal of Verhofstadt and declaration of support for the EPP candidate by the ALDE.

The list below includes all presidents as far back as 1952. However official Parliamentary history does not see continuity between the Common Assembly and the post 1958 European Communities Parliamentary Assembly (the 50th anniversary of the European Parliament was celebrated in 2008, not 2002) so Jerzy Buzek would be the 24th president, not the 28th.

N. PortraitPresidentStateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs 1 Paul Henri Spaak(1899–1972) 11 September 195211 May 1954 PSB–BSP Socialists– 1 years, 123 days 2 Alcide De Gasperi(1881–1954) 11 May 195419 August 1954 DC Christian Democrats– 0 years, 100 days 3 Giuseppe Pella(1902–1981) 29 November 195427 November 1956 DC Christian Democrats– 1 years, 2 days 4 Hans Furler(1904–1975) 27 November 195619 March 1958 CDU Christian Democrats– 1 years, 253 days

N. PortraitPresidentStateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs 1 Robert Schuman(1886–1963) 19 March 195818 March 1960 MRP Christian Democrats– 1 years, 1 days 2 Hans Furler(1904–1975) 18 March 196027 March 1962 CDU Christian Democrats– 2 years, 9 days

N. PortraitPresidentStateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs 1 Gaetano Martino 27 March 196221 March 1964 PLI Liberals– 1 years, 6 days 2 Jean Duvieusart 21 March 196424 September 1965 PSC–CVP Christian Democrats– 1 years, 187 days 3 Victor Leemans 24 September 19657 March 1966 PSC–CVP Christian Democrats– 0 years, 201 days 4 Alain Poher 7 March 196611 March 1969 MRP Christian Democrats– 3 years, 4 days 5 Mario Scelba 11 March 19699 March 1971 DC Christian Democrats– 1 years, 2 days 6 Walter Behrendt 9 March 197113 March 1973 SPD Socialists– 2 years, 4 days 7 Cees Berkhouwer 13 March 197311 March 1975 VVD Liberals– 1 years, 2 days 8 Georges Spénale 11 March 19758 March 1977 PS Socialists– 1 years, 3 days 9 Emilio Colombo 8 March 197717 July 1979 DC Christian Democrats– 2 years, 131 days

N. PortraitPresidentStateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectionRefs 1 Simone Veil 17 July 197919 January 1982 UDF Liberal Democrats1979 2 years, 179 days 2 Piet Dankert 19 January 198224 July 1984 PvdA Socialists 2 years, 187 days 3 Pierre Pflimlin 24 July 198420 January 1987 UDF / RPR European People's Party1984 2 years, 185 days 4 C. Henry Plumb 20 January 198725 July 1989 Conservative European Democrats 2 years, 186 days 5 Enrique Barón Crespo 25 July 198921 January 1992 PSOE Socialists1989 2 years, 186 days 6 Egon Klepsch 21 January 199219 July 1994 CDU European People's Party 2 years, 179 days 7 Klaus Hänsch 19 July 199414 January 1997 SPD Party of European Socialists1994 2 years, 179 days 8 José María Gil Robles 14 January 199720 July 1999 PP European People's Party 2 years, 187 days 9 Nicole Fontaine 20 July 199915 January 2002 UMP European People's Party1999 2 years, 186 days 10 Pat Cox 15 January 200220 July 2004 Independent Liberal Democrats 2 years, 187 days 11 Josep Borrell 20 July 200416 January 2007 PSOE Party of European Socialists2004 2 years, 185 days 12 Hans Gert Pöttering 16 January 200714 July 2009 CDU European People's Party 2 years, 179 days 13 Jerzy Buzek 14 July 200917 January 2012 PO European People's Party2009 2 years, 179 days 14 Martin Schulz 17 January 201217 January 2017 SPD Socialists & Democrats 5 years, 0 days2014 15 Antonio Tajani 17 January 20173 July 2019 FI European People's Party 2 years, 167 days 16 David Sassoli 3 July 201911 January 2022 PD Socialists & Democrats2019 2 years, 173 daysRoberta Metsola was Interim President from 11 to 18 January 2022. 17 Roberta Metsola 18 January 2022Incumbent PN European People's Party