Мир орбиталық стансасына 1990 жылғы кеңестік ұшу және жапон журналисінің сапары

1990 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir

Soyuz TM 11 was the eleventh expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir, using a Soyuz TM crew transport vessel. The mission notably carried a Japanese television reporter from Tokyo Broadcasting System.

Soyuz TM 11 was the 11th expedition to Mir, which spent 175 days docked to the space station. Coincidentally it was launched on the same day as STS 35. As the mission carried Toyohiro Akiyama, a reporter for the Japanese television network Tokyo Broadcasting System, the spacecraft's launch shroud and its Soyuz booster were painted with the Japanese flag and advertisements for Sony, Unicharm, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. A camera inside the descent module filmed the cosmonauts during ascent for Akiyama's network. Viktor Afanaseyev, Musa Manarov (on his second Mir visit), and Toyohiro Akiyama were welcomed aboard Mir by Soviet cosmonauts. Akiyama's network paid for the flight. The Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight and claimed to have earned $14 million. The journalist was scheduled to make one 10 min TV broadcast and two 20 min radio broadcasts each day. Electrical power and video and TV system incompatibilities forced the Japanese to make extensive use of converters. His equipment, which weighed about 170 kg, was delivered by Progress M spacecraft and set up in advance by Manakov and Strekalov. On December 5 Akiyama's couch was transferred to Soyuz TM 10. On December 8 Manakov and Strekalov commenced loading Soyuz TM 10's descent module with film and experiment results. TBS broadcast Akiyama's landing live from Kazakhstan.