Оңтүстік Африканың Форт-Хэр Университеті

Public university in Alice, South Africa

The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was a key institution of higher education for Africans from 1916 to 1959 when it offered a Western style academic education to students from across sub Saharan Africa, creating an African elite. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries. In 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post apartheid public higher education system. It is the alma mater of well known people including Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, and others.

Originally, Fort Hare was a British fort in the wars between British settlers and the Xhosa of the 19th century. Some of the ruins of the fort are still visible today, as well as graves of some of the British soldiers who died while on duty there. During the 1830s, the Lovedale Missionary Institute was built near Fort Hare. James Stewart, one of its missionary principals, suggested in 1878 that an institution for higher education of black students needed to be created. and attached to the University of South Africa. Amongst those who studied at Fort Hare who later became leaders of their countries were Kenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo. Leading opponents of the apartheid regime who attended included Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki and Oliver Tambo of the African National Congress, Mangosuthu Buthelezi of the Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe of the Pan Africanist Congress, and Desmond Tutu. Mandela, who studied Latin and physics there for almost two years in the 1940s, left the institution as a result of a conflict with a college leader. He later wrote in his autobiography: "For young black South Africans like myself, it was Oxford and Cambridge, Harvard and Yale, all rolled into one."

The university's main campus is located in Alice near the Tyhume River. It is in the Eastern Cape Province about 50 km west of King William's Town, in a region that for a while was known as the "independent" state of Ciskei. In 2011, the Alice campus had some 6400 students. A second campus at the Eastern Cape provincial capital of Bhisho was built in 1990 and hosts a few hundred students, while the campus in East London, acquired through incorporation in 2004, has some 4300 students. The university has five faculties (Education, Law, Management & Commerce, Science & Agriculture, Social Sciences & Humanities) all of which offer qualifications up to the doctoral level.

Name DoB DoD NotesDr. Maurice Robert Joseph Peters23 July 1899 31 August 1959First South African Indian Medical Doctor, graduated MBChB from the University of Edinburgh in 1926. Milner Langa Kabane 18 June 1900 – 1945 Educator, First Native Principal at Lovedale College, South African Politician, S. A. Bill of Rights pioneer: 1943. Z. K. Matthews 20 October 1901 – 11 May 1968 Lectured at Fort Hare from 1936 to 1959Archibald Campbell Jordan 30 October 1906 – 20 October 1968 Novelist, pioneer of African studiesGovan Mbeki 9 July 1910 – 30 August 2001 South African politicianYusuf Lule 10 April 1912 – 21 January 1985 Interim president of Uganda 1979Cedric Phatudi 27 May 1912 – 7 October 1987 Former Chief Minister of Lebowa 1972–1987Kaiser Matanzima 15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003 President of bantustan TranskeiMary Malahlela 2 May 1916 – 8 May 1981 First female black doctor in South AfricaOliver Tambo 27 October 1917 – 24 April 1993 African National Congress activist, expelled while doing his second degreeNelson Mandela 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013 Former President of South Africa; expelled and later attended the University of the Witwatersrand but did not graduateCharles Njonjo 23 January 1920 –2 January 2022Former Attorney General of Kenya and Former Minister of Justice in KenyaLionel Ngakane 17 July 1920 – 26 November 2003 South African film makerSeretse Khama 1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980 First President of BotswanaJulius Nyerere 19 July 1922 – 14 October 1999 First President of TanzaniaHerbert Chitepo 15 June 1923 – 18 March 1975 ZANU leaderRobert Mugabe 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019 Former President of Zimbabwe, attended 1949–1951Kenneth Kaunda 28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021 First President of ZambiaCan Themba 21 June 1924 – 1968 South African writer and one of the "Drum Boys" who worked for Drum (a magazine for urban black people Robert Sobukwe 5 December 1924 – 27 February 1978 Founder of the Pan Africanist CongressAlfred Nzo 19 June 1925 – 13 January 2000 South African politicianMunyua Waiyaki 12 December 1926 – 26 April 2017 former Kenyan Minister for Foreign AffairsAllan Hendrickse 22 October 1927 – 16 March 2005 Politician, preacher, and teacherMangosuthu Buthelezi 27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023 Leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party, never graduated but transferred to University of Natal. Leader of KwaZulu Bantustan in apartheid South AfricaLeepile Moshweu Taunyane14 December 1928 – 30 October 2013 Life President of Premier Soccer League, President of the South African Professional Educators UnionDesmond Tutu 7 October 1931 – 26 December 2021 Archbishop Emeritus, South African peace activist, Chaplain at Fort Hare in 1967–1969. Frank Mdlalose29 November 1931 – 4 April 2021 First Premier of KwaZulu NatalFabian Defu Ribeiro19 June 1933 – 1 December 1986 South African doctor and anti apartheid activistIvy Matsepe Casaburri 18 September 1937 – 6 April 2009 Minister of Communications, South AfricaManto Tshabalala Msimang 9 October 1940 – 16 December 2009 Minister of Health of South AfricaChris Hani 28 June 1942 – 10 April 1993 Leader of the South African Communist Party Expelled, later graduated at Rhodes UniversityWiseman Nkuhlu5 February 1944 – economic advisor to former President Thabo Mbeki, Head of NEPADMakhenkesi Arnold Stofile 27 December 1944 – 15 August 2016 former Minister of Sport of South AfricaSam Nolutshungu 15 April 1945 – 12 August 1997South African scholarNyameko Barney Pityana7 August 1945 – lawyer and theologian, former Vice Chancellor of the University of South AfricaSabelo Phama 31 March 1949 – 9 February 1994 South African politician and Secretary of Defense in the Pan African CongressBulelani Ngcuka 2 May 1954 – South Africa's former Director of Public ProsecutionsLoyiso Nongxa 22 October 1954 – Vice Chancellor of the University of the WitwatersrandThandi Ndlovu 1954/1955 24 January 2019 South African medical doctor and businesswomanJoseph Diescho 10 April 1955 – Namibian novelistJohn Hlophe 1 January 1959 – Judge President of the Cape Provincial Division of the High CourtZara Thruster 15 July 1977 –
Patenting nerve regeneration compound "18 MĆ" extracted from the root of the Alepidea amatymbica plantDr. Mgwebi Snail 12 October 1952 – South African Historian, Politician Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) and AuthorWandile Sihlobo16 October 1990South African Agricultural Economist and Government Rural Development AdvisorArchie Mafeje30 March 1936–28 March 2007Anthropologist and activist who was involved in the Mafeje Affair