Граса Машел: Мозамбик саяхатшысы және қоғам қайырмашысы

Mozambican humanitarian activist and politician

Graça Machel (ˈɡɾasɐ mɐˈʃɛl; sĩˈbinɨ; born 17 October 1945) is a Mozambican politician and humanitarian. She is the widow of former President of Mozambique Samora Machel (1975–1986) and former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela (1998–2013). Machel is an international advocate for women's and children's rights and was made an honorary Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997 for her humanitarian work. She is the only woman in modern history to have served as First Lady of two countries, South Africa and Mozambique. Graça Machel is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As a panel member, she facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, and convenes decision makers to influence policy for lasting change in Africa. She was chancellor of the University of Cape Town between 1999 and 2019.

Graça Simbine was born 17 days after her father's death, the youngest of six children, in rural Incadine, Gaza Province, Portuguese East Africa (modern day Mozambique). She attended Methodist mission schools before gaining a scholarship to the University of Lisbon in Portugal, where she studied German and first became involved in independence issues. Machel also speaks French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and English, as well as her native Xitsonga language.

Simbine returned to Portuguese East Africa in 1973, joining the Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) and working as a schoolteacher. Following Mozambique's independence in 1975, Simbine was appointed Mozambican's first Minister of Education and Culture on 25 June 1975. During her tenure, the number of students enrolled in primary and secondary schools rose from about 40 per cent of all school aged children to over 90 per cent for males and 75 per cent for females.

Graça Machel received the 1992 Africa Prize, awarded annually to an individual who has contributed to the goal of eliminating hunger in Africa by the year 2000. Machel received the 1995 Nansen Medal from the United Nations in recognition of her longstanding humanitarian work, particularly on behalf of refugee children. In 1997, Machel was honored with the Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions and services in the field of human rights protection. In the same year, she received the Global Citizen Award of the New England Circle. 1998, Machel was one of the two winners of the North–South Prize awarded by the North South Centre of the Council of Europe. Machel was chancellor of the University of Cape Town from 1999 to 2019. In 2009, Machel was appointed to the Commonwealth of Nations' Eminent Persons Group. She was named president of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London in 2012. In 2016, Machel was named chancellor of the African Leadership University, a role that she still holds today. In July 2017, Machel was elected an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy (HonFBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. In 2018, she was awarded by the World Health Organization for her contributions to the health and well being of women, children and adolescents. On 17 July 2018, Machel attended the 16th Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture, which was located at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, alongside South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and former US President Barack Obama. The event was visited by nearly 15,000 people, commemorating the 100th anniversary of Nelson Mandela's birth. In the leadup to COP27, Machel advocates that Africa's youth should have a greater say in climate politics and warned that existing development aid programs covering, for example, education may well be cut and diverted to fund climate change adaptation instead.

On 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel, and Desmond Tutu convened The Elders. Mandela announced its formation in a speech on his 89th birthday. The group works on thematic as well as geographically specific subjects. The Elders' priority issue areas include the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the Korean Peninsula, Sudan and South Sudan, sustainable development, and equality for girls and women. Machel has been particularly involved in The Elders' work on child marriage, including the founding of Girls Not Brides: The Global Partnership to End Child Marriage.

Simbine married Samora Machel, the first president of Mozambique, in 1975. Together they had two children: daughter Josina (born April 1976) and son Malengane (born December 1978). Samora Machel died in office in 1986 when his presidential aircraft crashed near the Mozambique South Africa border. Josina is a women's rights activist and in 2020 was listed as one of the BBC's 100 Women. Graça Machel Mandela married her second husband, Nelson Mandela, in Johannesburg on 18 July 1998, Mandela's 80th birthday. At the time, Mandela was serving as the first post apartheid president of South Africa. Mandela died of pneumonia on 5 December 2013.

Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (GYC), 1997 Honorary Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE), 1997 Honorary Fellow of the British Academy (Hon FBA), 2017 .

Nansen Medal of the United Nations, 1995 Global Citizen Award of the New England Circle, 1997. InterAction's Humanitarian Award, 1997. North South Prize of the Council of Europe, 1998 Princess of Asturias Award (International Cooperation), 1998 World's Children's Prize (together with Nelson Mandela), 2005. Decade Child Rights Hero (together with Nelson Mandela) by 7.1 million children through a Global Vote, organized as part of the educational World's Children's Prize Program, 2010. World Health Organization Gold Medal, 2018 Major award from CARE as result longstanding work on behalf of children.

Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (Hon. DHL) from the University of Massachusetts, 2006 Doctor of Philosophy honoris causa (DPhil h. c.) from the University of Stellenbosch, 2008 Doctor honoris causa (Dr. h. c.) by University of Barcelona, 2008 Doctor honoris causa (Dr. h. c.) by University of Évora, 2008 Doctor in Laws honoris causa (LL. D. h. c.) by Trinity College Dublin, 2015 Doctor honoris causa (Dr. h. c.) by Leiden University, 2021 .