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Canada and the United States have one land dispute over Machias Seal Island (off the coast of Maine), and four other maritime disputes in the Arctic and Pacific. Although they share the longest international border in the world, the two countries have a long history of disputes about the border's demarcation (see Canada–United States border).

Machias Seal Island—about —and North Rock (Maine and New Brunswick), located in what is known as the "Grey Zone" (about in size), is occupied by a Canadian lighthouse but claimed by the United States and visited by U. S. tour boats. The area is patrolled by the Canadian and US Coast Guard, but only Canadian Coast Guard occupies the lighthouse. The unresolved maritime boundary breaks into two elements: the sovereignty of the island and the location of the maritime boundary taking into account who is the rightful owner of the island. The disputed area is about in size. was defined in a 1903 arbitration decision on the Alaska/British Columbia boundary. The court specified the initial boundary point (Point "A") at the northern end of Dixon Entrance and designated Point "B" 72 NM to the east. Canada relies on the "A B" line as rendering nearly all of Dixon Entrance as its internal waters. The U. S. does not recognize the "A B" line as an official boundary, instead regarding it as allocating sovereignty over the land masses within the Dixon Entrance, The intersecting lines create four separate water areas with differing claim status. The two areas south of the "A B" line (about and in size) are claimed by both countries. The other two water areas are north of the "A B" line and are not claimed by either country. The two unclaimed areas are about and in size.) that lies south of the "A B" Line, surrounded by the sea territory claimed by the U. S. (left) and the boundary currently claimed by the U. S. (right).]]