Ливанның туы – Middle East Airlines тарихы

Flag carrier of Lebanon

Middle East Airlines – Air Liban S. A. L. (طيران الشرق الأوسط ـ الخطوط الجوية اللبنانية), more commonly known as Middle East Airlines (MEA) (links=no), is the flag carrier of Lebanon, with its head office in Beirut, near Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport. It operates scheduled international flights to Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from its base at Rafic Hariri International Airport. Middle East Airlines (MEA) is a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. MEA expressed its interest in becoming a SkyTeam associate member in early 2006 at a press conference in New York. On 28 February 2011, the airline signed the partnership agreement with SkyTeam at a ceremony in Beirut, and officially joined the alliance on 28 June 2012, becoming its 17th member and the second member airline in the Middle East.

Middle East Airlines Air Liban was founded on 31 May 1945 by Saeb Salam and Fawzi EL Hoss with operational and technical support from BOAC. Operations started on 1 January 1946 using three de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapides on flights between Beirut and Nicosia, followed by flights to Iraq, Egypt, and Syria. Two Douglas DC 3s were acquired in mid 1946. Pan American World Airways acquired a stake and management contract in September 1949. Pan Am was replaced when BOAC acquired 49% of MEA's shares in 1955. A Vickers Viscount was introduced in October 1955 while an Avro York cargo aircraft was leased in June 1957. On 15 December 1960 the first of four de Havilland Comet 4Cs arrived. After the association with BOAC ended on 16 August 1961, MEA was merged with Air Liban on 7 June 1963, which gave Air France a 30% holding (since relinquished). The full title was then Middle East Airlines – Air Liban. In 1963 MEA also took over Lebanese International Airways. The fleet was modernised with the addition of three Sud Aviation Caravelles in April 1963, three Boeing 720Bs in January 1966, one leased Vickers VC10 in March 1967, and a number of Boeing 707 320Cs from November 1967. The current name was adopted in November 1965 when the airline was completely merged with Air Liban. Although operations were interrupted by the 1967 Arab–Israeli war, and by the Israeli raid on Beirut Airport in 1968 in which the airline lost three Comet 4C's, two Caravelles, a Boeing 707, the Vickers VC10, and the Vickers Viscount MEA restarted by acquiring a Convair 990A from American Airlines, which entered service on 24 June 1969. A Boeing 747 200B entered service in June 1975 on the Beirut–London route, and later on the Beirut–Paris–New York route from April 1983 until mid 1985. MEA had to adjust its operations due to the Lebanese Civil War between 1975 and 1991 but continued services despite multiple closures of the base at Beirut International Airport. Airbus A310 300s were acquired in 1993 and 1994, followed by an A321 200 in 1997 and the A330 200 (which replaced the A310s) in 2003. The airline has introduced self check in kiosks at Beirut International Airport as of July 2010. The airline is also planning on launching the Arabesk Airline Alliance with six other Arab carriers. Their future plans include floating about 25% of their shares on the Beirut Stock Exchange (BSE) as part of a long term plan to fully privatize the airline. In November 2011, MEA's pilots union staged a 48 hour strike after a captain undergoing cancer treatment was dismissed shortly after going on sick leave. On 28 June 2012, Middle East Airlines joined the SkyTeam alliance to become its 17th member and the second in the Middle East following Saudia. 5,000 staff are employed across the airline group. The central bank of Lebanon, Banque du Liban, owns a majority share of 99.50%.

Middle East Airlines flies to 38 destinations in the Middle East, North America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania. In addition, Medina is served seasonally, while Mykonos is offered as a seasonal charter destination.

MEA (excluding Cedar Executive) operates an all Airbus fleet. as of 2023, it consists of the following aircraft:
+ Middle East Airlines Air Liban's fleet Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes C E TotalAirbus A320 2009—24102126OD MRL, currently painted in Retro livery, is the 5,000th Airbus A320 family aircraft built. Airbus A321neo10128132160T7 ME3 is the 10,000th Airbus A320 family aircraft built. Airbus A321XLR—4——150Three to be delivered in 2024 and one in 2025. Airbus A330 2003—44200244Airbus A330 900—442238280Deliveries from 2026 to 2028. Cedar Executive FleetEmbraer Legacy 5002—12—12OD CXJ and OD CXLTotal249

Middle East Airlines Air Liban firmed up its order for ten Airbus A320neo family aircraft (five A320neo and five A321neo) in January 2013. The order for the A320neo was later converted to five more A321neo aircraft. The first A321neo was delivered on 10 July 2020; the third, delivered 9 October 2020, was the 10,000th A320 family aircraft produced.2 more A321neo aircraft are expected to join the airline's fleet in 2024, summing up the whole A321neo fleet size to 11. On 12 December 2018, the then Prime Minister of Lebanon, Saad Hariri, signed an order with engine manufacturer Rolls Royce Holdings for four Airbus A330 900s. During the 2019 Paris Air Show, the airline became the launch customer for the A321XLR: four XLRs were ordered, intended for use on routes to Africa and Asia. Cedar Executive, MEA's business jet subsidiary, took delivery of its first Embraer Legacy 500 on 5 January 2016.

In 2011, Middle East Airlines Air Liban changed its frequent flyer program to a 4 tier program Blue Cedar, Silver Cedar, Golden Cedar, and President's Club, respectively in preparation for joining the SkyTeam airline alliance. Silver Cedar, Golden Cedar, and President's Club members gain numerous benefits such as access to the Cedar Lounge at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport, as well as outstation lounges at all MEA destinations. Golden Cedar and President's Club offer additional benefits, including guaranteed economy seat reservation. Cedar Miles can be earned and redeemed on all MEA flights and on all flights operated by Air France, KLM, and Qatar Airways, as well as codeshare partners on certain routes. Cedar Miles can also be earned during stays at all Rotana Hotels and all Hertz car rentals worldwide.

On 24 July 1950, an Air Liban Douglas DC 3, registration LR AAN was shot at by an Israeli Spitfire; the DC 3 landed safely at Beirut Airport, but 3 passengers (of 28 on board) were killed in the attack. On 6 January 1952, Air Liban SNCASE Languedoc OD ABU crashed on take off from Beirut Airport, and was consequently destroyed by fire. All nine passengers and crew on board survived. The aircraft was operating a scheduled international passenger flight from Beirut to Kuwait Airport, Kuwait. On 29 September 1958, Middle East Airlines Avro York OD ADB disappeared over the Mediterranean Sea with five on board. On 1 February 1963, Flight 265, a Vickers Viscount 754D registered OD ADE, was involved in a mid air collision with Turkish Air Force C 47 CBK28. Both aircraft crashed in Ankara, killing all 14 on board the Viscount, all 3 on board the C 47 and a further 87 people on the ground. On 17 April 1964, Flight 444, operated by Sud Caravelle III OD AEM struck the sea near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing all 49 on board; the cause of the accident was not determined. On 21 April 1964, Middle East Airlines Vickers Viscount 754D OD ACX was damaged beyond economic repair at El Arish, Egypt after the taxiway it was taxiing on collapsed. On 28 December 1968, seven MEA aircraft were destroyed in a raid by Israeli commandos at Beirut International Airport. This attack was in retaliation for a terrorist attack on an El Al Boeing aircraft in Athens which killed an Israeli mechanic. On 1 January 1976, Flight 438, operated by Boeing 720B OD AFT broke up in mid air after the explosion of a bomb allegedly placed in the forward cargo compartment. All 81 people on board were killed, some of whom were fleeing the ongoing Lebanese Civil War. The aircraft crashed near Al Qaysumah, Saudi Arabia. On 12 June 1982, in response to the attempted assassination by the Abu Nidal Group of the Israeli ambassador to Britain, the Israeli army attacked the airport in Beirut, destroying Middle East Airlines Boeing 720 023B OD AFP. Four days later, four more aircraft (three 720s and one 707) were destroyed in a second attack. On 1 August 1982, a 14 hour non stop bombing raid on Beirut destroyed Boeing 720 047B OD AGG. On 21 August 1985, two MEA Boeing 720's (OD AFL and OD AGQ) were destroyed by shelling at Beirut International Airport. On 8 January 1987, Boeing 707 323C OD AHB was destroyed by shelling after landing at Beirut International Airport. On 16 November 2001, an Airbus A321 200, with the registration F OHMP, was operating as Flight 304 from Beirut International Airport to Cairo International Airport when it sustained damage during a tail strike accident upon landing at Cairo, This airframe would be destroyed by a bomb nearly 14 years later midflight as Metrojet Flight 9268.