Стадиондардағы "Коп" трибуналарының тарихы және түрлері

Name for stands at sports stadiums, mostly in the UK

Spion Kop (or the Kop for short) is a colloquial name or term for a number of single tier terraces and stands at sports stadiums, particularly in the United Kingdom. The steep nature resembles the Spion Kop, a hill near Ladysmith, South Africa, which was the scene of the Battle of Spion Kop in January 1900 during the Second Boer War.

The first recorded reference to a sports terrace as "Kop" related to Woolwich Arsenal's Manor Ground in 1904, four years after the Second Boer War. Such is the reputation of the stand that it was claimed that the crowd in the Kop could suck the ball into the goal and it has become one of the most famous football stands in the world. Liverpool's Spion Kop (capacity 27,000, although crowds of 30,000+ have been recorded) was redesigned in 1994 (completed) to comply with requirements of the Taylor Report, which made all seater stadiums obligatory in the highest two divisions of English football. A new Spion Kop was built in its place with 12,390 seats, making it the largest single tier stand in the country at the time. This new Kop still stands and currently houses the club's museum. Following the opening of the new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, Anfield's Kop ceased to be the largest single tier stand in the country. The South Stand of the new stadium has 17,500 seats and has an incline of 34 degrees, making it one of the steepest stands in the country. Villa Park's old Holte End was historically the largest of all Kop ends, closely followed by the old South Bank at Molineux, both once regularly holding crowds in excess of 30,000. Many other English football clubs and some rugby league clubs (such as Wigan's former home Central Park) applied the same name to stands in later years.

There is much debate about what type of stand constitutes a Kop. The size and location of the stand in the stadium varies; most are located behind the goal and are occupied by its club's most vocal supporters. It is usually a single tiered stand and was traditionally terraced. In England, safety regulations brought into effect after the 1989 Hillsborough disaster required many to be made all seated. A Kop is not necessarily the largest stand in the stadium and does not have to have a particularly large capacity; for example, Chesterfield's former stadium, Saltergate, had a Kop with a capacity of only a few thousand.

GroundClubStandAnfieldLiverpoolSpion KopCentral Park (demolished 1999)Wigan Warriors RLFCThe Kop (demolished 1999)Baseball Ground (demolished 2003–04)DerbyPopside Kop (The Popside) (demolished 2003–04)Bloomfield RoadBlackpoolMortensen KopBramall LaneSheffield UnitedThe KopCounty GroundNorthampton TownSpion KopDeepdalePreston North EndBill Shankly KopElland RoadLeeds UnitedThe KopMolineuxWolverhampton WanderersThe Southbank (Jack Harris stand)Filbert Street (demolished 2003)Leicester CitySpion Kop (Double Decker) (demolished 2003)Fratton ParkPortsmouthSpion Kop (renamed as The Milton End)Highfield Road (demolished 2006)Coventry CityThe Spion Kop Terrace (demolished 2006)Hillsborough StadiumSheffield WednesdaySpion KopHome ParkPlymouth ArgyleSpion Kop (demolished 2001)Knowsley Road (demolished 2011)St Helens R. F. C. The Kop (demolished 2011)London StadiumWest HamBilly Bonds Stand (East Stand)Manor Ground (demolished c.1913)Woolwich ArsenalSpion Kop Oakwell Barnsley Spion Kop (demolished 1998)Prenton ParkTranmere RoversEssar Kop StandRacecourse GroundWrexhamThe Kop (demolished 2023)Recreation Ground (demolished 2012)ChesterfieldSpion Kop (demolished 2011) St Andrew'sBirmingham CitySpion KopStade de la MeinauRC StrasbourgOuest KopTottenham Hotspur StadiumTottenham HotspurSouth Stand/Park LaneWilderspool Stadium (demolished 2014)Warrington WolvesSpion Kop (demolished 2014)Valley ParadeBradford CityThe Kop EndKing Power StadiumLeicester CityThe Kop, Fosse StandWindsor ParkLinfield / Northern IrelandThe KopParc des PrincesParis Saint GermainKop of BoulogneWestfalenstadionBorussia DortmundThe Yellow Wall