Гүлді өсімдіктер туысы: Gypsophila және оның түрлері

Genus of flowering plants

Gypsophila (/dʒ//ɪ//p/'/s//ɒ//f//ɪ//l//ə/) is a genus of flowering plants in the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae. They are native to Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Turkey has a particularly high diversity of Gypsophila taxa, with about 35 endemic species. Some Gypsophila are introduced species in other regions. a name which also refers specifically to the well known ornamental species Gypsophila paniculata.

Gypsophila is one of the most heterogeneous and largest groups in the carnation tribe, Caryophylleae. The genus comprises approximately 150 species of annual or perennial herbaceous, creeping or cushion forming plants, inhabiting primarily the mountainous steppes in the north temperate part of the Old World with a diversification hotspot in the Irano Turanian region. These species also show major variation in inflorescence type ranging from many flowered lax thyrses or panicles (e. g., G. elegans M. Bieb., G. paniculata L., G. pilosa Huds.) to compact head like cymes ( G. capitata M. Bieb., G. capituliflora Rupr., G. caricifolia Boiss. ), and few (uni )flowered raceme like monochasia (e. g., G. bazorganica Rech. f., G. saponarioides Bornm. & Gauba). Each small flower has a cup like calyx of white edged green sepals containing five petals in shades of white or pink. The fruit is a rounded or oval capsule opening at valves. It contains several brown or black seeds which are often shaped like a kidney or a snail shell. G. elegans is also used as a cut flower. The genus is a source of saponins that can be used for many purposes, including the production of photographic film and hemolytic laboratory reagents. Their detergent qualities make them useful in soap and shampoo. Several species are hyperaccumulators of boron, and may be planted to absorb the element from polluted soils. The plant Çöven, G. simonii is widely distributed throughout Çankırı, where it is a native species, and Turkey. In this study, chemical and physical properties of unripe saponins obtained by extraction from the roots of G. simonii, an endemic plant, were isolated and investigated. Purified aglycones recovered from acid hydrolysis of the saponins were separated by reversed chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of terpenoids in the crude extracts.