Тіл ұшының дауыссыз жарылысты дыбындары

Class of consonantal sounds
A voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several types with significant perceptual differences:
The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats. The voiceless alveolar non sibilant affricate or , using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth. It is found as a regional realization of the sequence in some Sicilian dialects of Standard Italian. The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is found in certain languages, such as Cherokee, Mexican Spanish, and Nahuatl. The voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant affricate , also called apico alveolar or grave, has a weak hushing sound reminiscent of affricates. One language in which it is found is Basque, where it contrasts with a more conventional non retracted laminal alveolar affricate. This article discusses the first two.

The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with or (formerly with or ). The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in many Indo European languages, such as German (which was also part of the High German consonant shift), Kashmiri, Marathi,
Pashto, Russian and most other Slavic languages such as Polish and Serbo Croatian; also, among many others, in Georgian, in Mongolia, and Tibetan Sanskrit, in Japanese, in Mandarin Chinese, and in Cantonese. Some international auxiliary languages, such as Esperanto, Ido and Interlingua also include this sound.

The following sections are named after the fricative component.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes German Standard [[German orthography 'time' The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal, non retracted laminal and non retracted apical. See Standard German phonology Italian Standard [[Italian orthography 'grace' The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal and non retracted apical. In the latter case, the stop component is laminal denti alveolar. See Italian phonology

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Armenian Eastern [[Armenian alphabet/chanch 'net' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms Basque [[Basque alphabet 'cold' Contrasts with a sibilant affricate with an apical fricative component. Kazakh [[Kazakh alphabets/investitsiya [investit̻͡s̪əja] 'price' Only in loanwords from Russian See Kazakh phonology and Kyrgyz phonology Kyrgyz Latvian [[Latvian orthography 'price' See Latvian phonology Macedonian [[Macedonian alphabet/cvet 'flower' See Macedonian phonology Pashto [[Pashto alphabet/calor 'four' See Pashto phonology Polish [[Polish orthography 'what' See Polish phonology Romanian [[Romanian alphabet 'price' See Romanian phonology Russian [[Russian orthography/caŕ 'Tsar' See Russian phonology Serbo Croatian [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet / [[Gaj's Latin alphabet / ڄیڵ 'target' See Serbo Croatian phonology Slovak [[Slovak orthography 'emperor' See Slovak phonology Slovene [[Slovene orthography 'bloom' See Slovene phonology Tyap tsa 'to begin' Ukrainian [[Ukrainian alphabet/cej 'this one' Contrasting palatalization. See Ukrainian phonology Upper Sorbian cybla 'onion' Uzbek

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Arabic Najdi [[Arabic alphabet/tsalb 'dog' Corresponds to and in other dialects Asturian Some dialects otso 'eight' Corresponds to standard Ḷḷena, Mieres, and others ḷḷuna 'moon' Alveolar realization of che vaqueira instead of normal retroflex Basque [[Cherokee syllabary tsalagi 'Cherokee' Danish Standard [[Danish orthography 'two' The fricative component is apical. In some accents, it is realized as Usually transcribed or Contrasts with the unaspirated stop , which is usually transcribed or See Danish phonology Dargwa [[Cyrillic script / ꞩadeş / ڝادەش 'unity, oneness' Dutch Orsmaal Gussenhoven dialect mat 'market' Optional pre pausal allophone of See Orsmaal Gussenhoven dialect phonologyEnglish Broad Cockney tea 'tea' Possible word initial, intervocalic and word final allophone of See English phonology Received Pronunciation New York Possible syllable initial and sometimes also utterance final allophone of See English phonology New Zealand Word initial allophone of See English phonology North Wales Word initial and word final allophone of ; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop See English phonologyPort TalbotAllophone of /t/. In free variation with [tʰʰ]. Luxembourgish Zuch 'train' See Luxembourgish phonologyMarathi चमचा/tsamtsā 'spoon' Represented by /च/, which also represents It is not a marked difference. Nepali [[Devanāgarī/tsāp 'pressure' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by /च/. The aspirated sound is represented by /छ/. See Nepali phonology Portuguese European [[Portuguese orthography 'lifeless part' Allophone of before , or assimilation due to the deletion of Increasingly used in Brazil. Brazilian [[Portuguese orthography 'shiatsu' Marginal sound. Many Brazilians might break the affricate with epenthetic , often subsequently palatalizing , specially in pre tonic contexts (e. g. tsunami ). See Portuguese phonology Spanish Madrid [[Spanish orthography 'wide' Palatalized; Telugu [[Telugu script/ĉaṭṭi 'pot'

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Dutch Orsmaal Gussenhoven dialect [[Dutch alphabet 'passer by' A possible realization of word final before pauses. English General American tree 'tree' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable initial sequence ; more commonly postalveolar See English phonology Received Pronunciation Italian Sicily [[Italian orthography 'foreign' Apical. Regional realization of the sequence ; may be a sequence or instead. See Italian phonology