Теңіз бұтасының түрлері мен қасиеттері

Genus of flowering plants (sea buckthorns)

Hippophae is the genus of sea buckthorns, deciduous shrubs in the family Elaeagnaceae. The name sea buckthorn may be hyphenated to avoid confusion with the unrelated true buckthorns (Rhamnus, family Rhamnaceae). It is also referred to as sandthorn, sallowthorn, or seaberry. It produces orange yellow berries, which have been used over centuries as food, traditional medicine, and skin treatment in Mongolia, Ladakh, Russia, Ukraine, and northern Europe, which are its origin regions. They are exceptionally hardy plants, able to withstand winter temperatures as low as 43 °C ( 45 °F). Hippophae berries and leaves are manufactured into various human and animal food and skincare products. The Latin specific epithet goniocarpa refers to goniocarpus a um with angular fruits. Hippophae gyantsensis
Hippophae litangensis
Hippophae neurocarpa
Hippophae rhamnoides: Common sea buckthorn has dense and stiff branches, and are very thorny. The leaves are a distinct pale silvery green, lanceolate, long, and less than broad. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The male produces brownish flowers which produce wind distributed pollen. The female plants produce orange berries in diameter, soft, juicy, and rich in oils. The roots distribute rapidly and extensively, providing a nonleguminous nitrogen fixation role in surrounding soils. Hippophae salicifolia (willow leaved sea buckthorn) is restricted to the Himalayas, to the south of the common sea buckthorn, growing at high altitudes in dry valleys; it differs from H. rhamnoides in having broader (to ) and greener (less silvery) leaves, and yellow berries. A wild variant occurs in the same area, but at even higher altitudes in the alpine zone. It is a low shrub not growing taller than with small leaves long. Hippophae tibetana
Hippophae × goniocarpa Y. S. Lian et al. ex Swenson & Bartish

Hippophae is a small genus of Elaeagnaceae having a terminal taxon with seven species recognized, as of 2002. Hippophae rhamnoides is a highly variable species with eight subspecies. In western Europe, it is largely confined to sea coasts where salt spray off the sea prevents other larger plants from outcompeting it. In central Asia, it is more widespread in dry semi desert sites where other plants cannot survive the dry conditions. In central Europe and Asia, it also occurs as a sub alpine shrub above the tree line in mountains, and other sunny areas such as river banks where it has been used to stabilize erosion.

During the Cold War, Russian and East German horticulturists developed new varieties with greater nutritional value, larger berries, different ripening months and branches that are easier to harvest. Over the past 20 years, experimental crops have been grown in the United States, one in Nevada and one in Arizona, and in several provinces of Canada.

Sea buckthorn has been used over centuries in traditional medicine. As of 2022, no sea buckthorn products are approved as prescription drugs by any national regulatory agency. In Mongolia, there is an active National Association of Seabuckthorn Cultivators and Producers.