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Verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice

In linguistics, a deponent verb is a verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice, most commonly the middle or passive. A deponent verb has no active forms.

This list may not be exhaustive.

Ancient Greek has middle voice deponents (some of which are very common) and some passive voice deponents. An example in classical Greek is ἔρχομαι (, 'I come' or 'I go'), middle/passive in form but translated into English using the active voice (since English has no middle voice). Some 'active' verbs will take middle form futures, such as how ἀκούω (, 'I hear') becomes ἀκούσομαι (, 'I will hear'), rather than the regular adding of a sigma (like παύω (, 'I stop') becoming παύσω (, 'I will stop')). These are still translated into English as active. For these verbs, there is no future middle, but the future passive is unaffected. Koine Greek has a few verbs which have very different meanings in the active and middle/passive forms. For example, [[wikt:ἅπτω means "I set fire to", whereas its middle form ἁπτομαι means "I touch". Because ἁπτομαι is much more common in usage, beginners often learn this form first and are tempted to assume that it is a deponent.

Old Irish has a substantial number of deponent verbs, some of them very common, such as do·muinethar and cuirethar The Vr ending was the regular passive or impersonal ending. The pattern was not continued into the modern languages and all such verbforms were ultimately replaced by ‘normal’ forms. The Vr ending still is the regular passive or impersonal ending in the later language, as in the eg Modern Scottish Gaelic passive/impersonal cluinnear The verb cluinn has its origin in the deponent Old Irish ro·cluinethar .

Sanskrit has active, middle and passive voices. As the passive is a secondary formation (based on a different stem with middle endings), all deponent verbs take middle voice forms, such as सच॑ते
Traditional grammar distinguishes three classes of verbs: , and Thus, (plural of ) might be considered a deponent verb.

Some verbs are deponent in all tenses, but other verbs are deponent only in certain tenses. For example, the Greek verb ἀναβαίνω (anabainō) 'I go up' uses active forms in the imperfect active and aorist active, but in the future active it shows the middle form ἀναβήσομαι (anabēsomai) 'I will go up'. Latin has a few semi deponent verbs, which have active forms in the present, future, and imperfect tenses, but are deponent in the perfect system.