Эскильстуна қаласының тарихы мен дамуы

the city

Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs, east of Eskilstuna, when he tried to convert them to Christianity. Saint Eskil was buried in his monastery church in Tuna. The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House. Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren, and "Eskil" was combined with "Tuna", although the town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla. The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river. Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of the forges were small arms and artillery. It was a free town from 1771, where manufacturers and craftsmen were allowed to establish tax free workshops and factories. The town was merged with the rest of Eskilstuna in 1879. The city grew enormously during the Industrial Revolution and became one of the most important industrial cities of Sweden, earning the nickname "Stålstaden" ("The City of Steel"). Aside from firearms, the city also produced superior carpentry and wood carving chisels, cutlery, scissors, keys, machine tools and precision instruments. As a tribute to the steel industry, the figure of a steel worker is included in the city's coat of arms. Eskilstuna is sometimes called The Sheffield of Sweden. Both cities at their peak were home to numerous steel production companies.

Eskilstuna remains an important industrial city with internationally known companies such as Volvo Wheel loaders, main site for the heavy construction equipment division of Volvo, Assa (locks, keys), and Stainless steel manufacturer Outokumpu, Thin Strip Nyby in Torshälla. Mälardalen University (Mälardalens högskola), founded in cooperation with the neighboring city of Västerås, has a campus in the city. The city also has a combined zoo and amusement park Parken Zoo. The hospital, Mälarsjukhuset is one of the largest in the region, employing around 3000 people. Starting in 2012 the town has been pivoting towards a green economy, including biogas powered public transit and cogeneration plants, seven colored recycling bins (compared to the standard Swedish five), and a recycling center with an attached second hand mall.

Eskilstuna has a climate transitioning between continental and maritime with vast seasonal differences for a Southern Swedish climate. Unlike the coastal part of the Sörmlandic region, Eskilstuna has higher diurnal temperature variation and stronger waves of either heat or cold. With regards to daytime maximum and minimum temperatures, the weather station has been operated since 1961 with a total of three breaks of 2 3 years apiece in between 1984 and 2008.

The handball club Eskilstuna Guif plays in the national top division. They have reached the Swedish Championship final four times (1997, 2001, 2009 and 2011), but lost on each occasion. Eskilstuna is also home to EFK (Eskilstuna Flygklubb), Sweden's largest glider Flying Club which hosted the World Gliding Championships in 2006. Eskilstuna has had three men's football teams playing in the highest tier Allsvenskan; IFK Eskilstuna have played fourteen seasons in Allsvenskan, AFC Eskilstuna two seasons, and Eskilstuna City one season. The women's football team, Eskilstuna United DFF, play in the Elitettan, the second tier of women's football in Sweden, and spent nine seasons in the highest tier Damallsvenskan between 2014 and 2022. They finished as runners up in 2015, making them qualify for the 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League. The speedway team in Eskilstuna, Smederna, competes in the highest speedway league in Sweden, Elitserien and race its home matches at Smedstadion outside Eskilstuna. They formerly raced at the Snälltorpet track before it was sold for housing in 2001. In eSports, Eskilstuna is home to CS:GO player Maikelele. The stadium Tunavallen was a venue for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, hosting one match between Paraguay and Yugoslavia. It has also been used for several practice games for the Swedish National Youth Teams. Sports clubs using Tunavallen include AFC Eskilstuna, Eskilstuna United DFF, Eskilstuna City FK and IFK Eskilstuna. Eskilstuna Södra FF are based at Skogsängens IP and BK Sport is based at Ekängen.

Eskilstuna is served by the Mälartåg railway line between Stockholm and Arboga. via Strängnäs European route E20 passes the city. The city has an airport, east of the centre.

Eskilstuna is a member city of Eurotowns network.