Күннің азимут бұрышы

Azimuth angle of the Sun's position
The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth (horizontal angle with respect to north) of the Sun's position. For example, due east would be 90° and due west would be 90°. Another convention is the reverse; it also has the origin at due south, but measures angles clockwise, so that due east is now negative and west now positive. However, despite tradition, the most commonly accepted convention for analyzing solar irradiation, e. g. for solar energy applications, is clockwise from due north, so east is 90°, south is 180°, and west is 270°. This is the definition used by NREL in their solar position calculators and is also the convention used in the formulas presented here. However, Landsat photos and other USGS products, while also defining azimuthal angles relative to due north, take counterclockwise angles as negative.

The following formulas assume the north clockwise convention. The solar azimuth angle can be calculated to a good approximation with the following formula, however angles should be interpreted with care because the inverse sine, i. e. 1=x = sin^(−1) y or 1=x = arcsin y, has multiple solutions, only one of which will be correct. The following formulas can also be used to approximate the solar azimuth angle, but these formulas use cosine, so the azimuth angle as shown by a calculator will always be positive, and should be interpreted as the angle between zero and 180 degrees when the hour angle, h, is negative (morning) and the angle between 180 and 360 degrees when the hour angle, h, is positive (afternoon). (These two formulas are equivalent if one assumes the "solar elevation angle" approximation formula).