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List of weapons and armour in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle earth

The weapons and armour of Middle earth are all those mentioned J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle earth fantasy writings, such as The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion.

Swords symbolized physical prowess in battle for Tolkien, following Northern European culture. For The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Legolas possessed twin fighting knives carried in sheaths near his quiver.

There are some special types of knife in Tolkien's fiction which do not have formal names, but nevertheless play important roles in the plot.

The Witch king of Angmar, leader of the Nazgûl, used a magical dagger called a "Morgul blade" to wound Frodo Baggins at Weathertop. The dark magic of the knife gravely affects Frodo's well being, threatening to turn him into a wraith, especially because its detachable point migrated in Frodo's body for more than two weeks before it could be extracted, thus causing great damage. Recurring ill effects from the wound contribute to Frodo's eventual departure to Valinor. According to the J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, the weapon may owe something to the tradition of the "elf shot" found in Old English medical texts and charms, where it denotes illnesses of presumed supernatural origin.

Tom Bombadil recovers four magical daggers, forged by the Men of Westernesse to fight the powers of Angmar, from a tomb guarded by the Barrow wight. After opening the barrow and freeing the hobbits, Tom Bombadil gives them the weapons, saying "Old knives are long enough as swords for hobbit people". One of these "Barrow blades" – that given to Merry Brandybuck – proves instrumental in bringing about the death of the Witch king. The daggers had varying fates. The Witch king broke Frodo's blade at the Ford of Bruinen. Sam Gamgee left his beside Frodo in Cirith Ungol; it was returned to Gandalf, along with Frodo's mithril mail shirt, by the Mouth of Sauron. Merry's blade is destroyed during his attack on the Witch king. For The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Gimli the Dwarf was assigned various axes of different makes during the course of the films. The Sindarin Elves of Doriath favoured axes as weapons during the First Age. Other notable axe bearers were Tuor (the wielder of the axe Dramborleg), the Men of the White Mountains who marched to the defence of Minas Tirith in The Lord of the Rings movie (replacing the axe wielding men of Lossarnach from the book), and a contingent of Easterlings among the besiegers of Minas Tirith.

Bows of different sizes and construction are featured in Tolkien's works. Elves of Lothlórien, Men, and Uruk hai used longbows, while Elves of Mirkwood and Orcs of Mordor used smaller ones. These bows are said to be made of wood, horn and even steel. The most famous bowman in Tolkien's stories of the First Age of Middle earth is the Elf Beleg; his bow was named Belthronding, and his arrow Dailir. Infamously Curufin, a lord of the Noldor, attempts to shoot the Elf princess Lúthien with the bow of his brother Celegorm. His first arrow is intercepted by Huan; Beren attempts to intercept the second shot, and is wounded. In The Lord of the Rings, set in the late Third Age, a bow is the main weapon of Legolas, the Elf member of the Fellowship of the Ring. When the Fellowship meet Galadriel, she gives Legolas a new bow. He later uses it to shoot all the way across the great river Anduin and bring down an airborne Nazgûl. The Lord of the Rings film trilogy assigns a bow to Aragorn and crossbows to the Uruk hai. However, in Tolkien's writings Aragorn is armed only with the sword Andúril, and crossbows are only mentioned in connection to hunting by Númenoreans in their lost homeland of Númenor. Sometimes individual arrows are given special mention in Tolkien's works. In The Hobbit, the Black Arrow was a royal heirloom used by Bard the Bowman to kill the dragon Smaug. In The Lord of the Rings, the Red Arrow was a token used by Gondor to summon its allies in time of need. In the Lord of the Rings film trilogy, the Red Arrow is omitted and its role is conflated with the Beacons of Gondor. Hobbits "shot well with the bow". The Shire sent archers to the battles of the Fall of Arnor.

[[File:Normans Bayeux. jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Tolkien stated that the styles of the Bayeux Tapestry fitted the Rohirrim "well enough". In Letter 211 of The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, the author compared the war gear of the Rohirrim to the Bayeux Tapestry, made during the Norman Conquest of Anglo Saxon England.

Battle helmets are commonly used by virtually all races in Tolkien's writings. The Rohirrim were partly modelled on the Anglo Saxons, who wore elaborate helmets; Éomer's helmet had a long white horse tail panache that trailed in the wind. The Crown of Gondor was a jewelled battle helmet; Aragorn received it at his coronation. Frodo Baggins and Sam Gamgee use Orc helmets as part of their disguise in Mordor. In the First Age, Dwarves made dragon helms, which were said to protect against Dragons. The most famous of these was the Dragon helm of Dor lómin. The Second Age was dominated by Númenor. The Númenórean helmet, the karma, reached particularly elaborate forms. Those of the Uinendili, a guild of mariners, were "made of overlapping plates of metal, the 'fish crest' of leather embossed and coloured". Tolkien's coloured drawing of the karma of a Uinendili captain features on the cover of Unfinished Tales.

Tolkien emulated his Northern European mythological and literary sources in having his characters give names to their weapons, marking these out as important aspects of character and sometimes as ancient heirlooms. Named weapons in Medieval literature include Hrunting and Nægling in Beowulf, Tyrfing in the Elder Edda and Gram in the Völsunga saga. The items illustrate the passage of time and the transfer of power or fate to their future bearers. Anglachel was reforged and renamed Gurthang (Sindarin: Iron of Death). Túrin used Gurthang to kill Glaurung, the Father of Dragons, and later used the sword to take his own life in recompense for the accidental slaying of Beleg and the unjust slaying of Brandir. The stories endow the sword with a personality; Melian the Maia perceived malice in it as it was given to Beleg Cúthalion, and the elf Gwindor observed that Anglachel (so named then) seemed to mourn the death of Beleg at the hand of his friend Túrin by Anglachel itself. Túrin asked the sword whether it would slay him swiftly if he cast himself on its point, and it responded at length (the only instance of Gurthang speaking with voice). The depiction of the sword was influenced by that of the sword of the Finnish character Kullervo in the Kalevala.

Angrist (Sindarin: Iron cleaver) was a knife made by the great weaponsmith Telchar of Nogrod, and borne by Curufin. Beren, who had taken it from Curufin, used it to cut a magical Silmaril jewel out of Morgoth's Iron Crown; as Beren attempted to remove another, the knife snapped. In the earliest version of Beren's story in The Book of Lost Tales, he uses an ordinary household knife; the element of Curufin's involvement in Beren's affairs came later.

Anguirel (Sindarin: Iron of Eternity) is the sword forged by Eöl the Dark Elf, similar to Anglachel which was given to Thingol of Doriath in The Silmarillion. It was the mate of Anglachel, was made of the same meteoritic iron, and had the same physical properties and capabilities as Anglachel, but there is no evidence of sentience in Anguirel. Anguirel was kept by Eöl until it was stolen by his son, Maeglin.

Aranrúth (Sindarin: King's Ire) is the sword wielded by King Thingol of Doriath in The Silmarillion. Later the sword of the Kings of Númenor.

Gúthwinë (Old English: gúð wine Battle Friend) is the sword wielded by Éomer, third marshal of the Riddermark in The Lord of the Rings. The name is found in the Old English poem Beowulf, where the hero uses the word as an epithet for the sword Hrunting, lent to him by Hrothgar's thane Unferth for the fight with Grendel's mother.

Hadhafang is the sword invented for Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, where it was wielded by Arwen, although she is never actually seen using it in combat, as the blade's design was for main use on horseback, and footage of Arwen at Helm's Deep was ultimately cut. The name is derived from Tolkien's etymological word list written in the 1930s; here Tolkien provides the word hadhathang (dissimilated: havathang, hadhafang), which he translates as "throng cleaver", though he never used this name in his writings.

thumb|upright=2|Artist's impression of the re forged Andúril, with runic inscription, crescent Moon and rayed Sun. A single star is shown rather than Tolkien's "seven stars". Narsil (Quenya: roughly, Red and White Flame) is a sword in The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, influenced by the legendary Arthurian sword Excalibur and by Sigurd's sword Gram, as described in the Old Norse Völsunga saga. The sword was forged during the First Age by the Dwarf Telchar of Nogrod, a famous weaponsmith and artificer who also made the knife Angrist (which cut a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth) and the Helm of Hador (later used by Túrin Turambar). By the end of the Second Age Narsil was borne by Elendil; during the Last Alliance of Elves and Men it was broken in two pieces in the war against Sauron. Isildur used the hilt shard to cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand. The two shards, acquiring the additional name the Sword that was Broken, remained an heirloom of Isildur's heirs throughout the Third Age, and were thus inherited by Aragorn. Elvish smiths re forged the sword for Aragorn before the Fellowship of the Ring began their quest; Aragorn renamed it Andúril (Quenya: Flame of the West). The reforged Andúril is described as very bright, shining red and white with the light of the sun and moon. The Silmarillion further states that the original Narsil already shone in such a manner, but its light was extinguished when it was broken. The reforged blade had "a device of seven stars set between the crescent Moon and the rayed Sun, and about them was written many runes".

Ringil (Sindarin: Cold Star / Cold Spark) is a sword wielded by Fingolfin in The Silmarillion and The Lays of Beleriand. It bit with chilling cold, and glittered like ice with a pale light. In Tolkien's early writings, Ringil was the name of one of the two pillars supporting the Two Lamps of primeval Middle earth.

Belthronding (Sindarin/Ilkorin: Intractable Bow) is the bow wielded by Beleg Cúthalion (Strongbow) in The Silmarillion and The Lays of Beleriand.

The black arrow was used in Esgaroth by Bard the Bowman; he mentions that it has been used many times, always successfully, and always recovered. An heirloom from many generations of Bard's family, that he believed had been made in the forges of the King under the Mountain; Bard recites its history, urges it to "go now and speed well", and shoots Smaug. It was lost with the Dragon's corpse in the Long Lake.

The Red Arrow is a black feathered arrow barbed with steel; its tip was painted red. It was a token used by Gondor to summon Rohan in time of dire need. In The Return of the King, the Red Arrow was presented to Théoden by Hirgon with the message: " the Lord Denethor asks for all your strength and all your speed, lest Gondor should fall at last."

Aeglos (Sindarin: Snow Point, i. e. icicle; also spelt Aiglos) is the spear wielded by the Elf King Gil galad. It was said that "the Spear of Gil galad and the Sword of Elendil, Aiglos and Narsil, none could withstand."

The Dragon helm of Dor lómin, also called the Helm of Hador, is the fabulous helmet of the lords of the House of Hador, including Húrin and Túrin. Azaghâl ruled the neighbouring city of Belegost; he gave it to Maedhros, who gave it to Fingon. Fingon then gave it to Hador, along with the lordship of Dor lómin.

Durin's Axe was part of the regalia and weaponry of the Dwarf kings of Khazad dûm. Some years before the War of the Ring, Balin attempted to recolonize Khazad dûm (by then called Moria), and the early records of the colony mention Durin's Axe, indicating it was sought for or even found. as well as a battering ram in The Lord of the Rings, used to assault the Great Gate of Minas Tirith. Grond the battering ram was in universe named after Morgoth's mace: "Grond they named it, in memory of the Hammer of the Underworld of old."

In The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, "hero" weapons, used for "beauty" shots such as close ups, were made from high quality materials: sword blades from heat treated spring steel; sword hilts from cast bronze or forged and ground steel. "Stunt" swords, used in combat scenes, were made with soft aluminium blades and urethane grips. "Extras" swords were cast entirely from urethane, in one piece. Bows were made of urethane with an inner armature of spring steel. Legolas's arrows were all digital, so the actor simply mimed shooting each arrow.