Қазақстан Республикасы Үкіметінің құрылысы мен жұмысы

Overview of the government of Kazakhstan

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Ükımetı) oversees a presidential republic. The President of Kazakhstan, currently Kassym Jomart Tokayev, is head of state and nominates the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. According to the 2016 World Development report prepared by the World Bank Group, Kazakhstan ranks 28th among 193 countries in the e Gov development rating. The "Information Kazakhstan – 2020" state program approved in 2013 helped the country transition to the information society. The Mamin Cabinet resigned on 5 January 2022 after mass rioting and unrest in the country. The current cabinet is headed by Älihan Smaiylov, who had served as First Deputy Prime Minister in Mamin's Cabinet. Smaiylov was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 January 2022.

The president is elected by popular vote for a single seven year term. The prime minister and first deputy prime minister are appointed by the president. The Council of Ministers is also appointed by the president. Then president Nursultan Nazarbayev expanded his presidential powers by decree: only he can initiate constitutional amendments, appoint and dismiss the government, dissolve Parliament, call referendums at his discretion, and appoint administrative heads of regions and cities. The president is the head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces and may veto legislation that has been passed by the Parliament.

The prime minister, who serves at the pleasure of the president, chairs the Council of Ministers and serves as Kazakhstan's head of government. There are three deputy prime ministers and 17 ministers in the council. The most recent Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan is Oljas Bektenov.

Kazakhstan's National Security Committee (NSC) was established on 13 June 1992. It includes the Service of Internal Security, Military Counterintelligence, Border Guard, several Commandos units, and Foreign Intelligence (Barlau). The latter is considered by many as the most important part of NSC. Penitentiary Service Committee is a part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The legislature, known as the Parliament (Parlamenti), has two chambers.

The Assembly (Mäjilis) has 98 seats, elected for a five year term, 69 by proportional representation and 29 in single member constituencies. Mäjilis deputies and the government both have the right of legislative initiative, though most legislation considered by the Parliament is proposed by the government.

The Senate (Senat) has 47 members, 40 of whom are elected for six year terms in double seat constituencies by the local assemblies, half renewed every two years, and 7 presidential appointees. In addition, former presidents are ex officio senators for life.

There are 65 judges on the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which sits on top of the judicial hierarchy. Kazakhstan's judiciary also consists of courts of general jurisdiction, criminal courts, which handle grave crimes, juvenile courts, economic courts, administrative offenses courts, and administrative justice courts (the last of which was created in 2021). There is an eleven member Constitutional Court (set up in 2022), even though formally this tribunal is not a part of the judicial branch. With regard to the legal profession, the Republican Collegiate was created in 2012 and it represents Kazakhstan's lawyers' associations on the national level.

Kazakhstan is divided into 16 regions and the three municipal regions (cities of republican significance) of Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent. Each is headed by an akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal akims are appointed by province akims. The Government of Kazakhstan transferred its capital from Almaty to Astana on 10 June 1998. The regions or oblystar (singular — oblys) and cities (qalalar, singular — qala)* are : Abai (Semey), Almaty (Qonayev), Almaty*, Akmola (Kokshetau), Astana*, Aktobe (Aktobe), Atyrau (Atyrau), West Kazakhstan (Oral), Baykonur*, Mangystau (Aktau), Shymkent*, Turkistan (Turkistan), Pavlodar (Pavlodar), Karagandy (Karaganda), Kostanay (Kostanay), Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda), East Kazakhstan (Oskemen), North Kazakhstan (Petropavl), Jambyl (Taraz), Jetisu (Taldykorgan), and Ulytau (Jezkazgan). The administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of enclosing the Baikonur space launch facilities and the city of Baikonur.