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1926 novel by B. Traven

The Death Ship (German title: Das Totenschiff) is a novel by the pseudonymous author known as B. Traven. Originally published in German in 1926, and in English in 1934, it was Traven's first major success and is still the author's second best known work after The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. Owing to its scathing criticism of bureaucratic authority, nationalism, and abusive labor practices, it is often described as an anarchist novel.

Set just after World War I, The Death Ship describes the predicament of merchant seamen who lack documentation of citizenship, making them effectively stateless and therefore unable to find legal residence or employment in any nation. The narrator is Gerard Gales, a US sailor who claims to be from New Orleans, and who is stranded in Antwerp without passport or working papers. Unable to prove his identity or his eligibility for employment, Gales is repeatedly arrested and deported from one country to the next, by government officials who do not want to be bothered with either assisting or prosecuting him. When he finally manages to find work, it is on the Yorikke (possibly a reference to the Shakespeare play Hamlet), the dangerous and decrepit ship of the title, where undocumented workers from around the world are treated as expendable slaves. The term death ship refers to any boat so decrepit that it is worth more to its owners overinsured and sunk than it would be worth afloat. The title of the book is translated directly from the German Das Totenschiff; in English, they are called coffin ships.

Traven first wrote Das Totenschiff in English in 1923 or 1924. Editor Ernst Preczang of the German publisher de requested its translation into German, having appreciated Traven's de. Published in 1926, Das Totenschiff was Traven's first book and his renown was cemented in its success. There were 12 German editions and eight language translations before its first English publication in 1934. Just before the German version went to press, the publisher wrote to Traven asking for publicity information and photographs. The author replied:
My personal history would not be disappointing to readers, but it is my own affair which I want to keep to myself. I am in fact in no way more important than is the typesetter for my books, the man who works the mill; no more important than the man who binds my books and the woman who wraps them and the scrubwoman who cleans up the office.

In 1959 it was adapted into a film of the same name (also known as Ship of the Dead) directed by Georg Tressler. A copy of the book was seen as part of the drug induced wreckage of Raoul Duke's Flamingo hotel room in the film adaption of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. The Finnish alternative theater group KOM staged an adaptation of the novel in 1982.