Джордж Кэмпбелл Скотт: Американдық актер, режиссер және продюсер

American actor, director, and producer (1927–1999)

George Campbell Scott (October 18, 1927 – September 22, 1999) was an American actor, director and producer. He had a celebrated career on both stage and screen. With a gruff demeanor and commanding presence, Scott became known for his portrayal of stern but complex authority figures. Described by The Guardian as "a battler and an actor of rare courage", his roles earned him numerous accolades including two Golden Globes, and two Primetime Emmys as well as nominations for two BAFTA Awards and five Tony Awards. Though he won the Academy Award for Best Actor for playing General George S. Patton in Patton (1970), he became the first actor to decline the award, having warned the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences months in advance that he would do so on the basis of his belief that performances cannot be compared to others. His other Oscar nominated roles include Anatomy of a Murder (1959), The Hustler (1961), and The Hospital (1971). Scott's other notable films include Dr. Strangelove (1964), Petulia (1968), The Day of the Dolphin (1973), Movie Movie (1978), Hardcore (1979), and The Exorcist III (1990). Scott gained fame for his roles on television earning two Primetime Emmy Awards for his performances in Hallmark Hall of Fame (1971), and 12 Angry Men (1997). He also played leading roles in Jane Eyre (1970), Beauty and the Beast (1976), and A Christmas Carol (1984). Scott continued to maintain a prominent stage career even as his film stardom waned, and by the end of his career he had accrued five Tony nominations for his performances in Comes a Day (1959), The Andersonville Trial (1960), Uncle Vanya (1974), Death of a Salesman (1975), and Inherit the Wind. He directed several of his own films and plays and often collaborated with his wives Colleen Dewhurst and Trish Van Devere.

George Campbell Scott was born on a kitchen table October 18, 1927—the younger of two siblings—in the modest Wise, Virginia, home of his parents, George Dewey Scott (1902–1988) and Helena Agnes (née Slemp; 1904–1935). His mother was the first cousin, once removed, of Republican Congressman C. Bascom Slemp. Scott's mother died just before his eighth birthday, and he was raised by his father, an executive at Buick. Scott's original ambition was to be a writer like his favorite author, F. Scott Fitzgerald. While attending Redford High School in Detroit, he wrote many short stories, none of which were published. He tried on many occasions to write a novel, but never completed one to his own satisfaction. After high school, Scott enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, serving from 1945 to 1949. He was assigned to 8th and I Barracks in Washington, D. C., and his primary duty was serving as honor guard at military funerals at Arlington National Cemetery. He later said that during his duty at Arlington, "[I] pick[ed] up a solid drinking habit that stayed with me from then on." Following military service, Scott enrolled at the University of Missouri on the G. I. Bill where he majored in journalism and then became interested in drama. His first public appearance on stage was as the barrister in a university production of Terence Rattigan's The Winslow Boy, directed by H. Donovan Rhynsburger. During rehearsals for that show, he made his first stage appearance—in a student production of Noël Coward's Hands Across the Sea, directed by Jerry V. Tobias. He graduated from the university in 1953 with degrees in English and theater.

Scott first rose to prominence for his work with Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival. In 1958, he won an Obie Award for his performances in Children of Darkness (in which he made the first of many appearances opposite his future wife, actress Colleen Dewhurst), for As You Like It (1958), and for playing the title character in William Shakespeare's Richard III (1957–58) (a performance one critic said was the "angriest" Richard III of all time). Scott's Broadway debut was in Comes a Day (1958) which had a short run. Scott's television debut was in a 1958 adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities for the Dupont Show of the Month directed by Robert Mulligan. He also appeared in a televised version of The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1958) plus episodes of Kraft Theatre, and Omnibus. Scott's feature film debut was in The Hanging Tree (1959), starring Gary Cooper and Maria Schell. Scott earned his first Academy Award nomination for his performance in Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder (1959). Later that year he appeared on Broadway in The Andersonville Trial by Saul Levitt directed by Jose Ferrer, winning critical acclaim for his portrayal of the prosecutor. This was based on the military trial of the commandant of the infamous Civil War prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia. It ran for 179 performances from December 1959 to June 1960. Scott received good reviews for The Wall (1960–61) which ran for 167 performances. He guest starred on episodes of Sunday Showcase, Playhouse 90, Play of the Week (doing "Don Juan in Hell"), Dow Hour of Great Mysteries, and a Hallmark Hall of Fame production of Winterset, originally written for the stage. Scott received superb notices for his performance in The Hustler (1961). He returned to Broadway to direct General Seeger (1962) by Ira Levin but it only lasted two performances. The play Great Day in the Morning (1962), in which he was directed by José Quintero, also had only a brief run. Scott was in much demand for guest shots on TV shows, appearing in episodes of Ben Casey and Naked City. In 1962, Scott appeared as school teacher Arthur Lilly on NBC's The Virginian, in the episode "The Brazen Bell", in which he recites Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Reading Gaol". That same year, he appeared in NBC's medical drama The Eleventh Hour, in the episode "I Don't Belong in a White Painted House". He appeared opposite Laurence Olivier and Julie Harris in Graham Greene's The Power and the Glory in a 1961 television production and also performed in The Merchant of Venice (1962) off Broadway.

Scott's first leading role in a feature was The List of Adrian Messenger released in 1963. That year, Scott starred in the hour long television drama series East Side/West Side. He portrayed a New York City social worker, along with co stars Cicely Tyson and Elizabeth Wilson. Scott was a major creative influence on the show, resulting in conflicts with James T. Aubrey, the head of CBS. The Emmy Award winning program had a series of guest stars, including James Earl Jones. The portrayal of challenging urban issues made attracting advertisers difficult, not helped by the limited distribution. Not all CBS network affiliates broadcast the show, and it was canceled after one season. Scott had a success during 1963 in an off Broadway production of Desire Under the Elms. Scott's highest profile early role was in the Stanley Kubrick–directed Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), in which he played General "Buck" Turgidson. In later interviews with Kubrick, Scott was revealed to have initially refused to camp it up on camera. As a compromise, Kubrick had Scott go over the top in rehearsal, assuring Scott that the cameras were off, which was untrue. Somehow, Scott was unable to hear the very loud motor on the 35mm film cameras of the time. Kubrick proceeded to use this version in the final cut, which Scott supposedly resented. Scott was one of many stars in The Yellow Rolls Royce (1964). Scott was cast, under the direction of John Huston in Dino de Laurentiis's The Bible: In the Beginning, which was released by 20th Century Fox in 1966. Also in 1966, Scott appeared as Jud Barker in the NBC western The Road West, starring Barry Sullivan, Kathryn Hays, Andrew Prine, and Glenn Corbett. He also guest starred in Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. He co starred with Tony Curtis in the comedy film Not with My Wife, You Don't! (also 1966) and as John Proctor in a television version of The Crucible (1967). Scott returned to Broadway in 1967 to direct Dr. Cook's Garden by Ira Levin but quit during tryouts. As an actor, he appeared in a revival of The Little Foxes (1967–1968) directed by Mike Nichols, which ran for 100 performances. Scott starred in The Flim Flam Man (1967) and Petulia (1968). He appeared in the made for television movie Mirror, Mirror Off the Wall (1969).

Scott played George S. Patton in the film Patton (1970) and researched extensively for the role, studying films of the general and talking to those who knew him. Scott declined the Oscar nomination for Patton, just as he had done for his nomination in 1962 for The Hustler, but won the award anyway. In a letter to the Motion Picture Academy, he stated that he did not feel himself to be in competition with other actors. However, regarding this second rejection of the Academy Award, Scott famously said elsewhere, "The whole thing is a goddamn meat parade. I don't want any part of it." The Best Picture Oscar for Patton was given to the George C. Marshall Foundation Library at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia, the same institution that generations of Pattons attended, by producer Frank McCarthy a few weeks after the awards ceremony, and is on display there. Scott accepted the New York Film Critics Award. His then wife Colleen Dewhurst said, "George thinks this is the only film award worth having". During the early 1970s, Scott appeared in the made for television films Jane Eyre (1970) as Mr. Rochester and The Price (1971), a version of the Arthur Miller play. For the latter role, he won an Emmy Award, which he accepted. He also directed a TV version of The Andersonville Trial (1970). Scott then returned his focus to feature films. He appeared in They Might Be Giants (1971) with Joanne Woodward, and The Last Run (1971) for director Richard Fleischer, with his wife Colleen Dewhurst and also with Trish Van Devere, who would become his fourth and last wife. Scott had a big hit with (1971) based on a script by Paddy Chayefksy; and The New Centurions (1972) directed by Flesicher based on a book by Joseph Wambaugh. Scott then appeared in a series of box office flops, beginning with Rage (1972), which he both directed and starred in. He then appeared in Oklahoma Crude (1973) directed by Stanley Kramer; The Day of the Dolphin (1973) directed by Mike Nichols, in which Scott appeared with Van Devere; Bank Shot (1974), directed by Gower Champion; and The Savage Is Loose (1974), which co starred Van Devere and which Scott himself directed. Scott returned to television with Fear on Trial (1975); and starred in the big budget disaster movie, The Hindenburg (1975) for director Robert Wise. Scott had a big Broadway hit with Neil Simon's Plaza Suite (1968), directed by Mike Nichols. The show was composed of three separate one act plays all using the same set, with Scott portraying a different lead character in each act; it ran for 1,097 performances. Scott directed a production of All God's Chillun Got Wings (1975) which starred Van Devere and only had a short run. He directed and played Willy Loman in a 1975 revival of Death of a Salesman, for which he garnered another Tony nomination. Scott received a Tony Award nomination for his performance as Astrov in a 1973 revival of Uncle Vanya, directed by Nichols, which ran for 64 performances. Scott starred in a well received production of Larry Gelbart's Sly Fox (1976; based on Ben Jonson's Volpone), which ran 495 performances. Scott appeared in a television production of Beauty and the Beast (1976), with Trish Van Devere. He later starred as an Ernest Hemingway based artist in Islands in the Stream (1977) directed by Schaffner and based on Hemingway's posthumously published novel. He had a cameo in Crossed Swords (1977) directed by Fleischer, then had the lead in Movie Movie (1978) directed by Stanley Donen, costarring with Van Devere, and Hardcore (1979) written and directed by Paul Schrader.

Scott starred in The Changeling (1980), with Melvyn Douglas, John Colicos, Jean Marsh, and Van Devere, for which he received the Canadian Genie Award for Best Foreign Film Actor for his performance. He followed this with The Formula (1980) co starring Marlon Brando, which was a flop. With one exception, it was the last time he had the lead in a major studio feature film. Scott returned to Broadway for Tricks of the Trade in 1980 with Van Devere, but it ran for a single performance. Scott appeared alongside Timothy Hutton and rising stars Sean Penn and Tom Cruise in the coming of age film Taps (1981), and was cast as Fagin in the CBS made for TV adaptation of Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist (1982). On Broadway, he starred in and directed a successful revival of Noël Coward's Present Laughter which ran during 1982–83. He starred in China Rose (1983) on television, and in 1984, had a supporting role in Firestarter and portrayed Ebenezer Scrooge in a television adaptation of A Christmas Carol. He directed the 1984 Broadway revival of Noël Coward's Design for Living, which ran for 245 performances. In 1986, on Broadway, Scott did The Boys in Autumn in 1986. In 1993, he appeared off Broadway successfully with Wrong Turn at Lungfish. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for the role. Scott played the title role in the made for television movie Mussolini: The Untold Story (1985). Scott reprised his role as Patton in a made for television sequel, The Last Days of Patton (1986). Based on the final weeks of Patton's life after being mortally injured in a car accident, it contains flashbacks of Patton's life. At the time the sequel was aired, Scott mentioned in a TV Guide interview that he told the academy to donate his Oscar to the Patton Museum, but since the instructions were never put in writing, it was never delivered. On television, Scott did The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1986) and Pals (1987; with Don Ameche). He also played the lead role in the TV series Mr. President (1987–88), which ran for 24 turbulent episodes. He was also on the Johnny Carson Show in March 1987. Scott starred in the television film The Ryan White Story (1989) as Charles Vaughan, the lawyer defending Ryan White.

In 1990, he voiced two villainous roles: Smoke in the television special Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue and Percival McLeach in the Disney film The Rescuers Down Under. He was featured in The Exorcist III (1990). For TV, he starred in Descending Angel (also 1990) and Finding the Way Home (1991). On Broadway, he directed and appeared in a revival of On Borrowed Time (1991–92). He had a supporting role in Curacao (1993) and Malice (1993). Scott had a starring role in Traps (1994) but the series only ran for five episodes. He also had a semi regular role on another short lived series New York News (1995). Around this time, Scott appeared in such feature films as The Whipping Boy (1994), Tyson (1995), and Angus (1995). Scott received another Tony nomination for his performance as Henry Drummond in a revival of Inherit the Wind (1996). In the latter play, he had to miss many performances due to illness, with his role being taken over by National Actors Theatre artistic director Tony Randall. In 1996, he received an honorary Drama Desk Award for a lifetime devotion to theatre. On the small screen, he did Country Justice (1996), Titanic (1996) (as the ship's captain), and The Searchers (1996). Scott portrayed Juror No. 3 in the TV movie 12 Angry Men (1997), the role played by Lee J. Cobb in the 1957 film, for which he would win another Emmy Award. He hosted Weapons at War on A&E TV, but was replaced after one season by Gerald McRaney. Weapons at War moved to The History Channel with Scott still credited as host for the first season. Scott was replaced by Robert Conrad after his death in 1999. He had support roles in Gloria (1999) for Sidney Lumet and Rocky Marciano (1999). Scott made his last film, the TV movie Inherit the Wind (1999), portraying Matthew Harrison Brady (ironically opposite the role he had played on stage) with Jack Lemmon as Henry Drummond, with whom he had also worked in 12 Angry Men. Scott had a reputation for being moody and mercurial while on the set. "There is no question you get pumped up by the recognition Then a self loathing sets in when you realize you're enjoying it", he was quoted as saying. One anecdote relates that one of his stage co stars, Maureen Stapleton, told the director of Neil Simon's Plaza Suite, "I don't know what to do – I'm scared of him." The director, Mike Nichols, replied, "My dear, everyone is scared of George C. Scott."

In 1982, Scott appeared in a campaign commercial for moderate Republican U. S. Senator Lowell Weicker of Connecticut. Like Weicker, Scott was, at that time, a resident of Greenwich, Connecticut. Scott identified politically as a moderate conservative and supported the death penalty.

Scott suffered a series of heart attacks in the 1980s. He died on September 22, 1999, aged 71, of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Year Title Role Notes 1959 The Hanging Tree George Grubb Anatomy of a Murder Claude Dancer 1961 The Hustler Bert Gordon 1963 The List of Adrian Messenger Anthony Gethyrn 1964 Dr. Strangelove General Buck Turgidson The Yellow Rolls Royce Paolo Maltese 1966 The Bible: In the Beginning Abraham Not with My Wife, You Don't! Colonel "Tank" Martin 1967 The Flim Flam Man Mordecai Jones 1968 Petulia Archie Bollen 1969 This Savage Land Jud Barker 1970 Patton General George S. Patton Jr. 1971 They Might Be Giants Justin Playfair / "Sherlock Holmes" The Last Run Harry Garmes The Hospital Herbert Bock 1972 The New Centurions Andy Kilvinski Rage Dan Logan Also directed 1973 Oklahoma Crude Noble Mason The Day of the Dolphin Jake Terrell 1974 Bank Shot Walter Upjohn Ballentine The Savage Is Loose John Also directed 1975 The Hindenburg Colonel Franz Ritter 1977 Islands in the Stream Thomas Hudson Crossed Swords The Ruffler 1978 Movie Movie "Gloves" Malloy / "Spats" Baxter 1979 Hardcore Jake Van Dorn 1980 The Changeling John Russell The Formula Lieutenant Barney Caine 1981 Taps Brigadier General Harlan Bache 1983 China Rose Burton Allen 1984 Firestarter John Rainbird 1986 The Murders in the Rue Morgue C. Auguste Dupin 1989 The Ryan White Story Charles Vaughan Sr. 1990 Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue Smoke Voice; Made for video The Exorcist III Lieutenant William F. Kinderman The Rescuers Down Under Percival McLeach Voice Descending Angel Florian Stroia 1993 Curaçao Cornelius Wettering Malice Martin Kessler 1994 The Whipping Boy George "Blind George" 1995 Tyson Constantine "Cus" D'Amato Angus Grandpa Ivan Bethune 1999 Gloria Reuben "Ruby"

Year Title Role Notes 1958 The DuPont Show of the Month Jacques Episode: "A Tale of Two Cities" 1959 The United States Steel Hour Marshal Gulliver Episode: "Trap for a Stranger" 1961 Ben Casey Karl Anders Episode: "I Remember a Lemon Tree" The Power and the Glory Police Lieutenant TV movie 1962 Naked City Kermit Garrison Episode: "Strike a Statue" 1962 The Virginian Arthur Lilly Episode: "The Brazen Bell" 1963–1964 East Side West Side Neil Brock 26 episodes 1967 The Crucible John Proctor TV movie 1970 Jane Eyre Edward Rochester 1971 The Price Victor Franz Hallmark Hall of Fame 1975 Fear on Trial Louis Nizer TV movie 1976 Beauty and the Beast The Beast 1982 Oliver Twist Fagin 1984 A Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge 1985 Mussolini: The Untold Story Benito Mussolini 1986 The Last Days of Patton General George S. Patton Jr. 1987 Pals Jack H. Stobbs / John Livingston Spangler 1987–1988 Mr. President President Samuel Arthur Tresch 24 episodes 1994 Traps Joe Trapcheck 5 episodes Prince Brat and the Whipping Boy Blind George TV movie 1996 Titanic Captain Edward J. Smith TV miniseries 1997 Country Justice Clayton Hayes TV movie 12 Angry Men Juror #31999 Rocky Marciano Pierino Marchegiano Inherit the Wind Matthew Harrison Brady TV movie; Final film role

Year Title Role Playwright Venue Ref1958 Comes a Day Tydings Glen Speed Lamkin Ambassador Theatre, Broadway debut 1959 The Andersonville Trial Lt. Col. Chipman Saul Levitt Henry Miller's Theatre, Broadway 1960 The Wall Dolek Berson Millard Lampell Billy Rose Theatre, Broadway 1962 General Seeger Maj. General Seeger Ira Levin Lyceum Theatre, Broadway 1967 Dr. Cook's Garden Director Belasco Theatre, Broadway The Little Foxes Benjamin Hubbard Lillian Hellman Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Broadway 1968 Plaza Suite Jesse Kiplinger Roy Hubley Sam Nash Neil Simon Plymouth Theatre, Broadway 1973 Uncle Vanya Mikhail Astrov Anton Chekov Circle in the Square Theatre, Broadway 1975 All God's Chillun Got Wings Director Eugene O'Neill Death of a Salesman Willy Lowman Arthur Miller 1976 Sly Fox Foxwell J. Sly The Judge Larry Gelbart Broadhurst Theatre, Broadway 1980 Tricks of the Trade Dr. Augustus Browning Sidney Michaels Brooks Atkinson Theatre, Broadway 1982 Present Laughter Garry Essendine Director Noël Coward Circle in the Square Theatre, Broadway 1984 Design for Living Director 1986 The Boys in the Autumn Henry Finnegan Bernard Sabath1991 On Borrowed Time Julian Northrup / Gramps Paul Osborn 1996 Inherit the Wind Henry Drummond Bernard Sabath Royale Theatre, Broadway