Француз әйел патшасы Клементина Орлеанская

French princess; third daughter of Louis Philippe I

Princess Clémentine of Orléans (3 June 1817 – 16 February 1907), princess of Saxe Coburg and Gotha and duchess in Saxony, was the sixth child and youngest daughter of Louis Philippe I, King of the French, and his wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies. She was the mother of Ferdinand I, Tsar of Bulgaria.

Marie Clémentine Léopoldine Caroline Clotilde of Orléans, styled Mademoiselle de Beaujolais, was born on 3 June 1817 at the Château de Neuilly, in Neuilly sur Seine, France, soon after the Bourbon Restoration. She became a royal princess, Princess of Orléans, following her father's ascension to the French throne in 1830. As a young woman, it was written that she "is represented to possess great beauty and accomplishments."

As a princess, Clémentine was sought after as a bride by royal families throughout Europe. In 1836, it was rumoured that Clémentine would marry her cousin, Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, when the period of his widowhood expired. King Leopold I of Belgium organised the marriage of Clémentine and Prince August of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, who was closely connected to the royal houses of the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico and Austria Hungary. August's cousin Albert married August's other cousin Queen Victoria and was Prince Consort in the United Kingdom. The contract of marriage between Clémentine and August was signed in Vienna on 24 February 1843 by the French Ambassador Charles Joseph, Comte de Flahaut, representing Clémentine and the Belgian Ambassador Baron O'Sullivan, representing August. Prior to the wedding, the couple sought to reside in Austria, and an application was made to Prince Metternich, to know on what footing the husband of Princess Clémentine would be received at the Court of Vienna. The answer was that Princess Clémentine would be received as Princess of the Royal Family of the Bourbons but the Austrian Court would not recognise August as a Royal Highness. The couple had five children.

The Revolutions of 1848 in France led to the end of her father's reign, forcing Clémentine and her family to flee France, although Clémentine and Auguste, after ensuring their children were safely away, mingled with the crowd on the Place de la Concorde during the abdication before leisurely travelling to Versailles by train. She then accompanied her father to the French Embassy in London before heading to Coburg, and then onto Vienna, where her husband was an officer with the Austro Hungarian army. Clémentine campaigned to regain the assets taken by decree from the Orléans by Louis Napoleon, seeking the return of the ancestral inheritance by, amongst other things, a letter writing campaign to the French media. She publicly refused the offer from Emperor Napoleon III of 200,000 francs, demanding instead the heritage of her father. While staying with Queen Victoria in July 1851, Clémentine had to cut short her visit to return to Spain when news arrived that her sons' tutor "had gone off his head". Victoria fretted that she would share Clémentine's fate and revolution would end the British monarchy, and feared what would happen to her children. August died in 1881. Clémentine did not remarry, living almost to the age of 90.