Джон Рейнер Хеппенстолл: Өмір және шығармалары

British novelist, poet, diarist, and a BBC radio producer

John Rayner Heppenstall (27 July 1911 in Lockwood, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England – 23 May 1981 in Deal, Kent, England) was a British novelist, poet, diarist, and a BBC radio producer.

Heppenstall was a student at the University of Leeds, where he read English and Modern Languages, graduating in 1932. He had a brief teaching career, in Dagenham. Coming to London in 1934, he rapidly made initial contacts in the literary world. A short study, Middleton Murry: A Study in Excellent Normality (1934) brought him for a time into John Middleton Murry's Adelphi commune at "The Oaks", where in 1935 he worked as a cook. Also in 1935 he met Dylan Thomas, sent to meet him by Sir Richard Rees of the Adelphi magazine. In short order he became a Catholic convert, and married Margaret Edwards in 1937 (with whom he later had two children: Adam Heppenstall and Lindy Heppenstall, later Foord). In the mid 1930s he was influenced by Eric Gill. He was a friend of George Orwell, whom he first encountered in 1935 through Thomas and Rees, and later wrote about him in his memoir Four Absentees. Heppenstall, Orwell and the Irish poet Michael Sayers shared a flat in Lawford Road, Camden. Heppenstall once came home drunk and noisy, and when Orwell emerged from his bedroom and asked him to pipe down, Heppenstall took a swing at him. Orwell then beat him up with a shooting stick, and the following morning told him to move out. Friendship was restored, but after Orwell's death, Heppenstall wrote an account of the incident called The Shooting Stick. During World War II he was in the British Army, but with a Pay Corps posting at Reading, close enough to remain in touch with literary Fitzrovia. He was also posted to Northern Ireland. In an interview for the book World Authors, Heppenstall stated he had once been a left winger, but since the 1960s had become politically more conservative. Much later, in 1967, it received an Arts Council award. He was Francophile in literary terms, and his non fiction writing reflects his tastes. He was certainly influenced by Raymond Roussel, whose Impressions of Africa he translated. Later novels include The Shearers, Two Moons and The Pier. He also wrote a short study of the French Catholic writer Léon Bloy (Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes, 1953). Heppenstall's book The Fourfold Tradition was praised by V. S. Pritchett, who expressed admiration for "its pleasure in literature". One of his early adaptations was of Orwell's Animal Farm in 1947. In his journals, Heppenstall mentions problems he had with Evelyn Waugh regarding a radio broadcast in the 1940s. Waugh apparently felt that Heppenstall purposely insulted him when he was sent to take him to the broadcast.

Later in life Heppenstall moved to the town of Deal. During this time he took a strong dislike to his working class neighbours and began deliberately lighting bonfires in order to antagonise them. Heppenstall's final novel, The Pier, depicts a writer resembling himself murdering a similar family living next door to him. After his death, Heppenstall's journals were published: they caused some controversy by revealing his hostility to fellow writers such as Alan Sillitoe, and also expressing prejudices against black people, Irish people, Arabs and lesbians.

Buckell, G. J. (2007). Heppenstall – A Critical Study (DAP). :