Атаудың орнына қолданылатын жалған сөздер

Name substituted for an unknown name

Placeholder names are intentionally overly generic and ambiguous terms referring to things, places, or people, the names of which or of whom do not actually exist; are temporarily forgotten, or are unimportant; or in order to avoid stigmatization, or because they are unknowable or unpredictable given the context of their discussion; to de emphasize in which event the precise specification thereof is otherwise impossible, or to deliberately expunge. Placeholder names for people are often terms referring to an average person or a predicted persona of a typical user.

These placeholders typically function grammatically as nouns and can be used for people (e. g. John Doe, Jane Doe), objects (e. g. widget), locations ("Main Street"), or places (e. g. Anytown, USA). They share a property with pronouns because their referents must be supplied by context; but, unlike a pronoun, they may be used with no referent—the important part of the communication is not the thing nominally referred to by the placeholder, but the context in which the placeholder occurs. In their Dictionary of American Slang (1960), Stuart Berg Flexner and Harold Wentworth use the term kadigan for placeholder words. They define "kadigan" as a synonym for thingamajig. The term may have originated with Willard R. Espy, though others, such as David Annis, also used it (or cadigans) in their writing. Its etymology is obscure—Flexner and Wentworth related it to the generic word gin for engine (as in the cotton gin). It may also relate to the Irish surname Cadigan. Hypernyms (words for generic categories, such as "flower" for tulips and roses) may also be used in this function of a placeholder, but they are not considered to be kadigans.

Certain domain names in the format example. tld (such as example. com, example. net, and example. org) are officially reserved as placeholders for the purpose of presentation. Various example reserved IP addresses exist in IPv4 and IPv6, such as in IPv4 documentation and in IPv6 documentation.

Placeholders such as Main Street, Your County, and Anytown are often used in sample mailing addresses. Ruritania is commonly used as a placeholder country. Acacia Avenue has been used as shorthand for an average suburban residential street in Britain. Something stan and its demonym something stani, where something is often profanity, is commonly used as a placeholder for a Middle Eastern or South Asian country/people or for a politically disliked portion of one's own country/people. For example, Londonistan, to evoke the perception of London's high Muslim population. Timbuktu, which is also a real city in the country of Mali, is often used to mean a place that is far away, in the middle of nowhere, or exotic. Podunk is used in American English for a hypothetical small town regarded as typically dull or insignificant, a place in the U. S. that is unlikely to have been heard of. Another example is East Cupcake to refer to a generic small town in the Midwestern United States. Similarly, the boondocks or the boonies are used in American English to refer to very rural areas without many inhabitants. In New Zealand English, Woop Woops (or, alternatively, Wop wops) is a (generally humorous) name for an out of the way location, usually rural and sparsely populated. The similar Australian English Woop Woop, (or, less frequently, Woop Woops)

In British English, Bongo Bongo Land (or Bongo bongo Land) is a pejorative term used to refer to Third World countries, particularly in Africa, or to a fictional such country.

In ancient Roman law, the names Aulus Agerius and Numerius Negidius were used to represent the plaintiff and the defendant. The names were both wordplays, respectively meaning "[I] set in motion" and "[I] refuse to pay". The model instruction to judges for civil suits began with si paret Numerium Negidium Aulo Agerio sestertium decem milia dare oportere, meaning "if [it] appears that Numerius Negidius ought to pay Aulus Agerius ten thousand sesterces ". In the United States and Canada, John Doe and the variations Jane Doe (for females) and John Roe or Richard Roe (for a second party): used in legal action and cases when the true identity of a person is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons. Jane Roe was used for the then unidentified plaintiff (Norma Leah McCorvey) in one of the most famous legal cases in United States history, Roe v. Wade. These parties also appear in the legal fictions of the action in ejectment, which was the usual proceeding to quiet title to real property under common law pleading. Mopery: used in informal legal discussions as a placeholder for some infraction, when the exact nature of the infraction is not important. Blackacre and its neighbors Whiteacre, Greenacre, Brownacre, Greyacre, Pinkacre, etc. are used as placeholders for parcels of real property, usually on Law School examinations and the several State Bar Exams. They are sometimes located in Acre County in the fictional State of Franklin. Fnu Lnu is used by authorities to identify unknown suspects, the name being an acronym for First Name Unknown, Last Name Unknown. If a person's first name is known but not the last, or vice versa, they may be called [real name] Lnu or Fnu [real name], and an unidentified person may be Fnu Lnu. For example, a former interpreter for the United States military was charged as "FNU LNU", and a mute man whose identity could not be determined was arrested and charged with burglary in Harris County, Texas under the name "FNU LNU" (charges were later dropped because authorities could not communicate with the man). Fnu Lnu conjunctions may also be used if the person has only a single name, as in Indonesian names. The name has been considered a source of humor when Fnu Lnu has been mistaken for the actual name of a person. X ben X (, إكس بن إكس or سين بن سين) is used in Morocco by health and judicial authorities in cases where an individual's identity cannot be determined. These cases include amnesiacs, suspects, hospital patients, and homeless people. In 2009, 80,000 abandoned orphans had the placeholder name of X ben X and 100 unidentified bodies are buried each year in Morocco under this status.

St. Elsewhere is often used as a placeholder name for any regional hospital or other care facility from which an admitted patient was referred. The medical slang is honored in the name of the 1980s television show of the same name. GOMER (Get Out of My Emergency Room) is a name in medical slang for any patient who continually uses emergency room services for non emergency conditions; its use is informal and pejorative. Element names from the periodic table are used in some hospitals as a placeholder for patient names, ex. Francium Male.

Umpteen is any annoyingly large number, as in the phrase "for the umpteenth time". Placeholder telephone numbers are often allocated from ranges such as 555 (where +1 [area code] 555 1212 is reserved in North America for directory assistance applications) to avoid generating misdialled calls to working numbers. In the United Kingdom, Ofcom has set aside a range of numbers in larger geographic area codes, as well as fictional area code 01632 (0632 having been the code for Newcastle upon Tyne until replaced by 091 in the 1980s), for dramatic use. Common placeholders for postcodes in Canada include A1A 1A1 (a real postal code for Lower Battery Road, St. John's, Newfoundland) and K1A 0B2 (Canada Post Place in Ottawa). H0H 0H0 is reserved by Canada Post for fictional use (specifically for the mythical Santa's workshop). In the United States, the ZIP Code 90210 (from TV series Beverly Hills 90210) is frequently used. Numeric codes with repeated or sequential digits like 12345 (a General Electric plant in Schenectady, New York), or 99999 9999 (unused but in a prefix range for the vicinity of Ketchikan, Alaska) may also appear. 00000, which lies in an unused prefix range, can be used without confusion. In computing, some magic numbers (and other uses of hexadecimal numbers) apply hexspeak to create memorable hexadecimal values, such as .

In chemistry, tentative or hypothetical elements are assigned provisional names until their existence is confirmed by IUPAC. Historically, this placeholder name would follow Mendeleev's nomenclature; since the Transfermium wars, however, the consensus has been to assign a systematic element name based on the element's atomic number. Examples of these systems in use would be "ekasilicon" (germanium) and "ununseptium" (tennessine) respectively. Similarly, the name "unobtainium" is frequently used for a material of highly desired characteristics which does not exist or which would be prohibitively expensive to mine, procure or synthesize.