Формамид: қасиеттері мен қолданылуы

chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443825387
| Name = Formamide
| ImageFile = Formamide 2D. png
| ImageFile Ref =
| ImageName = Structural formula of the formamide molecule
| ImageFileL1 Ref =
| ImageFileL1 = Formamide 3D balls. png
| ImageNameL1 = Ball and stick model of formamide
| ImageFileR1 = Formamide 3D vdW. png
| ImageNameR1 = Space filling model of the formamide molecule
| PIN = Formamide
| SystematicName = Methanamide
| OtherNames = Carbamaldehyde
|Section1=
|Section2=
|Section7=Chembox Hazards
| FlashPtC = 154
| FlashPt notes = (closed cup)
| NFPA F = 1 | NFPA H = 2 | NFPA R = 0
| PEL = none
| IDLH = N. D. Some astrobiologists suggest that it may be an alternative to water as the main solvent in other forms of life. Formamides are compounds of the type RR′NCHO. One important formamide is dimethylformamide, (CH3)2NCHO.

Formamide is a constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used for cryopreservation of tissues and organs. Formamide is also used as an RNA stabiliser in gel electrophoresis by deionizing RNA. In capillary electrophoresis, it is used for stabilizing (single) strands of denatured DNA. Another use is to add it in sol gel solutions in order to avoid cracking during sintering. Formamide, in its pure state, has been used as an alternative solvent for the electrostatic self assembly of polymer nanofilms. Formamide is used to prepare primary amines directly from ketones via their N formyl derivatives, using the Leuckart reaction.

Formamides are intermediates in the methanogenesis cycle.

Formamide has been proposed as an alternative solvent to water, perhaps with the ability to support life with alternative biochemistries to that currently found on Earth. It forms by the hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide. With a large dipole moment, its solvation properties are similar to those of water. Formamide has been shown to convert to traces of guanine upon heating in the presence of ultraviolet light. Several prebiotic chemical reactions producing amino acid derivatives have been shown to take place in formamide.

Contact with skin and eyes is not recommended. With an LD50 of grams per kg, formamide is of low acute toxicity. It also has low mutagenicity.