НАТО әскери карта белгілері стандарты

NATO standard for military map marking symbols

Example Symbols An unidentified hostile motorized anti tank division Polish 1st Legions Infantry Divisionof Operational Group Wyszków 3 PPCLI 1 CMBG 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantryof 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group 4th Panzer Division of XXIV Army Corps 82nd Airborne Division Artillery Brigade

NATO Joint Military Symbology is the NATO standard for military map symbols. Originally published in 1986 as Allied Procedural Publication 6 (APP 6), NATO Military Symbols for Land Based Systems, the standard has evolved over the years and is currently in its fifth version (APP 6D). The symbols are designed to enhance NATO's joint interoperability by providing a standard set of common symbols. APP 6 constituted a single system of joint military symbology for land, air, space and sea based formations and units, which can be displayed for either automated map display systems or for manual map marking. It covers all of the joint services and can be used by them.

The first basic military map symbols began to be used by western armies in the decades following the end of the Napoleonic Wars. During World War I, there was a degree of harmonisation between the British and French systems, including the adoption of the colour red for enemy forces and blue for allies; the British had previously used red for friendly troops because of the traditional red coats of British soldiers. However, the system now in use is broadly based on that devised by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1917. The infantry symbol of a saltire in a rectangle was said to symbolise the crossed belts of an infantryman, while the single diagonal line for cavalry was said to represent the sabre belt. With the formation of NATO in 1949, the US Army system was standardized and adapted, with different shapes for friendly (blue rectangle), hostile (red diamond) and unknown (yellow quatrefoil) forces. APP 6A was promulgated in December 1999. The NATO standardization agreement that covers APP 6A is STANAG 2019 (edition 4), promulgated in December 2000. APP 6A replaced APP 6 (last version, July 1986), which had been promulgated in November 1984 (edition 3 of STANAG 2019 covered APP 6), and was replaced in turn by Joint Symbology APP 6(B) (APP 6B) in 2008 (STANAG 2019 edition 5, June 2008) and NATO Joint Military Symbology APP 6(C) (APP 6C) in 2011 (STANAG 2019 edition 6, May 2011). The U. S. is the current custodian of APP 6A, which is equivalent to MIL STD 2525A.

Most of the symbols designate specific points, and consist of a frame (a geometric border), a fill, a constituent icon, and optional symbol modifiers. The latter are optional text fields or graphic indicators that provide additional information. The frame provides a visual indication of the affiliation, battle dimension, and status of an operational object. The use of shape and colour is redundant, allowing the symbology to be used under less than ideal conditions such as a monochrome red display to preserve the operator's night vision. Nearly all symbols are highly stylised and can be drawn by persons almost entirely lacking in artistic skill; this allows one to draw a symbolic representation (a GRAPHREP, Graphical report) using tools as rudimentary as plain paper and pencil. The frame serves as the base to which other symbol components and modifiers are added. In most cases a frame surrounds an icon. One major exception is equipment, which may be represented by icons alone (in which case the icons are coloured as the frame would be). The fill is the area within a symbol. If the fill is assigned a colour, it provides an enhanced (redundant) presentation of information about the affiliation of the object. If colour is not used, the fill is transparent. A very few icons have fills of their own, which are not affected by affiliation. The icons themselves, finally, can be understood as combinations of elementary glyphs that use simple composition rules, in a manner reminiscent of some ideographic writing systems such as Chinese. The standard, however, still attempts to provide an "exhaustive" listing of possible icons instead of laying out a dictionary of component glyphs. This causes operational problems when the need for an unforeseen symbol arises (particularly in MOOTW), a problem exacerbated by the administratively centralised maintenance of the symbology sets. When rendering symbols with the fill on, APP 6A calls for the frame and icon to be black or white (as appropriate for the display). When rendering symbols with the fill off, APP 6A calls for a monochrome frame and icon (usually black or in accordance with the affiliation colour). NATO symbols can also be rendered with fill off using a frame coloured according to affiliation and a black icon, though this is not defined in any APP 6 standard.

The status of a symbol refers to whether a warfighting object exists at the location identified (i. e., status is "present") or will in the future reside at that location (i. e., status is "planned, anticipated, suspected," or "on order"). Regardless of affiliation, present status is indicated by a solid line and planned status by a dashed line. The frame is solid or dashed, unless the symbol icon is unframed, in which case the icon itself is drawn dashed. Planned status cannot be shown if the symbol is an unframed filled icon.

Equipment icons are "frame optional". Equipment symbol (framed) (unframed) Equipment type Bridge (e. g. AVLB)

APP 6A stops with field AB. MIL STD 2525B and 2525B Change 1 add a number of other modifiers.

Source: has carried that one step further with more symbols and more symbol sets derived from recent NATO and US operations. MIL STD 2525D will serve as the base document for APP 6(D) as the two documents move closer together.