Хэбэй провинциясының тарихи қаласы – Ханьдань

City in Hebei province, China

Handan is a prefecture level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built up (or metro) area made of 5 urban districts. Yongnian District in Handan and Shahe City in Xingtai have largely formed into a single conurbation. Handan is one of the oldest cities in China, first settled in 6500 BC by the Cishan culture. Throughout the city's long history, it contributed significantly to Chinese culture, serving as the capital of State of Zhao, was northern China's political, economic and cultural center, and home to Tai chi and the first compass, made from stones collected in the nearby Mount Ci (magnet mountain). Handan is designated as one of China's National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities.

The city's name, Handan , has remained unchanged for over 2,000 years. The name first appeared during the reign of King Zhou of Shang, in the chronicle Bamboo Annals. A dictionary from the Tang dynasty explained that "Han" is the name of a nearby mountain (Hanshan), and "Dan" meant "the terminus of a mountain" with an added radical denoting a city. Together, "Handan" means "the city at the terminus of Mount Han". This explanation has been widely accepted until the discoveries of jade writings in Houma, Shanxi in 1965, where the "Dan" in Handan was spelt "丹", meaning red. This then lead to another explanation that Handan was named so because Mount Han appeared reddish purple in color. such as the road into which Lin Xiangru, courier of the precious Heshibi, backed in order to let his nemesis Lian Po pass first, as well as the location in which Lian Po begged for Lin Xiangru's forgiveness. Modern day Congtai Park is located on the site of the historical Zhao court. Next to Congtai Park is the legendary "Xuebu Bridge" (学步桥), or "Learning to Walk Bridge". Legend has it that a noble from the state of Yan heard of a particularly elegant manner of walking unique to Handan. Arriving in Handan, he spent weeks trying to master the Handan style of walking on a bridge, only to fail. In the process, however, he had forgotten how to walk normally and had to crawl back to Yan. This story inspired the Chinese expression, "to learn the walk of Handan" (邯郸学步, Hándān xué bù), which means learning something difficult too intensely, thereby forgetting the basics in the process. The nearby Xiangtangshan Caves contain massive Buddha statues carved into the mountainside, some dating to the 6th century, many of which were severely damaged by invading Japanese forces during World War II. At that time, Handan was prized by the Japanese invaders for its coal reserves. In 2007, Handan was the location of China's largest ever bank robbery.

The population at the 2010 census was 941,427 for the 3 urban districts, 2,845,790 for the built up area and 9,174,683 for the entire Prefecture level city area of
The municipal executive, legislative and judiciary are situated in Congtai District (丛台区, Cóngtái Qū), as well as the CPC and Public Security bureaux. Map Name Chinese Pinyin Population (2004 est.) Area (km2) Density (/km2)Congtai District丛台区Cóngtái Qū330,0002811,786Hanshan District邯山区Hánshān Qū310,000329,688Fuxing District复兴区Fùxīng Qū250,000376,757Fengfeng Mining District峰峰矿区Fēngfēng Kuàngqū500,0003531,416Feixiang District肥乡区Féixiāng Qū310,000496625Yongnian District永年区Yǒngnián Qū860,000898958Wu'an City武安市Wǔ'ān Shì720,0001,806399 (Defunct since 2016)邯郸县Hándān Xiàn400,000522766Linzhang County临漳县Línzhāng Xiàn590,000744793Cheng'an County成安县Chéng'ān Xiàn370,000485763Daming County大名县Dàmíng Xiàn750,0001,052713She County涉县Shè Xiàn390,0001,509258Ci County磁县Cí Xiàn640,0001,035618Qiu County邱县Qiū Xiàn200,000448446Jize County鸡泽县Jīzé Xiàn250,000337742Guangping County广平县Guǎngpíng Xiàn250,000320781Guantao County馆陶县Guǎntáo Xiàn290,000456636Wei County魏县Wèi Xiàn810,000862940Quzhou County曲周县Qǔzhōu Xiàn410,000667615

Handan has a monsoon influenced humid continental climate/semi arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk), with strong monsoonal influence, typical of the North China Plain. The normal monthly daily mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean temperature is A majority of the normal annual precipitation of occurs in July and August.

Handan has witnessed rapid growth over the past 20 years. Industrial growth in the city has focused on communication and transport activities. Handan is a major producer of coal and steel, with Coal mines at Fengfeng providing power for Handan's iron, steel and textile mills. Chemical and cement plants along with other industries also benefit. Local agriculture produces maize, pomegranates and eggs. Handan also has a growing services sector, with retail, banking and trading making up 40% of the economy. The GDP per capita in Renminbi was estimated at ¥13,449 in 2005. In 2015, the figure was ¥33,554.87.

According to a survey by "Global voices China" in February 2013, Handan was one of China's most polluted cities due to heavy industrial outputs. However the government has made a significant effort to make the city cleaner, which involved closing down many polluting power plants. It is no longer the most polluted city, and, according to a 2016 government survey, the number of good air quality days is 189 days, an increase of 135 days compared with 2013.

Handan Prefecture is home to the AAAAA tourist attractions Guangfu Ancient City and the Nüwa Imperial Palace.

Handan is served by Handan Airport. Handan has two main train stations: one is Handan railway station which serves for the normal speed train, the other is named Handandong railway station, which serves for the high speed train.

According to Handan government in 2007, 40 ethnic groups were present in Handan. Ethnic minorities represent 50,000 people, among which 48,000 Hui. There are 22 Hui schools and 5 Hui junior high schools in Handan.

The most widespread religion in Handan is Chinese folk religion, including Taoism and Buddhism. In 2013, there were more than 150,000 Catholics in Handan according to the Catholic Church, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yongnian. Mother of Grace Cathedral in Daming County was built in 1918. The most recent church was built in 2007. There are also 300,000 Protestants. The largest Protestant church is on Qianjin Avenue and was built in 1997. The oldest church was on Congtai Street and was built in 1920. The church was destroyed in 2009 by the local government. A new church was built in 2011. According to the local government 30,000 Hui Muslims live in the prefecture of Handan.