Ресейлік мемлекет қайраткері және әскери қолбасшы Михаил Скопин-Шуйский

Russian statesman and militant

Prince Mikhail Vasiliyevich Skopin Shuisky (Михаил Васильевич Скопин Шуйский; 18 November 1586 [O. S. 8 November 1586] – 3 May 1610 [O. S. 23 April 1610]) was a Russian statesman and military figure during the Time of Troubles. He was the last representative of a cadet branch of the Shuysky family.

Having lost his father, Vasili Feodorovich Skopin Shuisky, at an early age, Mikhail Skopin Shuisky was educated by his mother. During the reign (1598 1605) of Boris Godunov, he was appointed stolnik (tsar's assistant). False Dmitriy I made Mikhail his mechnik (sword carrier), and asked him personally to bring Marfa Ivanovna mother of the future Tsar Mikhail I to Moscow from exile. During the reign (1606 1610) of Tsar Vasili IV, Skopin Shuisky became a close associate of his cousin, the Tsar.

He began his military career in 1606 with the appearance of Ivan Bolotnikov, whom he would defeat twice, first near the Pakhra River with a small unit at his disposal (after Bolotnikov had crushed the Muscovite army led by Mstislavsky and other boyars) and then at Kotly. After the second defeat, Bolotnikov and his men fled to Tula. Skopin Shuisky took an active part in a successful siege of Tula alongside the Muscovite army. When False Dmitriy II appeared on the political horizon, Vasili IV decided to seek help from the Swedes and sent Skopin Shuisky to Novgorod to negotiate with them. Despite some obstacles, Skopin Shuisky managed to persuade the Swedes to help the Russian tsar. On 14 April 1609, Skopin Shuisky left Novgorod with 12,000 Swedish soldiers under the command of Jacob De la Gardie to save the Russian throne. Skopin Shuisky captured Oreshek, Tver and Torzhok and cleared the north of the country from the enemies. He defeated Hetman Jan Piotrus Sapieha at Kalyazin and made him abandon the Siege of the Troitse Sergiyeva Lavra. Mikhail's actions were often impeded by lack of funding for the Swedish mercenaries and necessity to train his own army. Nevertheless, many supporters of False Dmitriy II chose to flee at the sight of Mikhail's army and this gained him a reputation of the saviour of the fatherland. According to Chester Dunning, "In March 1610, Tsar Vasili's brilliant nephew Skopin Shuiskii made a triumphal entry into the capital widely hailed as the hero who had ended the siege of Moscow and eliminated the longstanding threat posed by Tushino. Skopin Shuiskii was by this time far more popular than Tsar Vasilii and was being secretly promoted by Prokofi Liapunov and others as the next tsar. Although Skopin Shuiskii immediately rejected the radical idea of toppling his uncle, the paranoid tsar learned about his nephew's flirtation with treason."

Skopin Shuiskii died mysteriously, less than a month after a private meeting with Tsar Vasili. According to Dunning, "Many people claimed that he had been poisoned by a jealous relative, either the tsar himself or his brother Dmitrii who was, in fact, hoping to succeed the childless ruler some day. Few people believed the tsar sincerely mourned the loss of his nephew, and many suspected him of involvement in murder."