Эсте әулетінің билеушілері тізімі

Ducal office

This is a list of rulers of the estates owned by the Este family, which main line of Marquesses (Marchesi d'Este) rose in 1039 with Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan. The name "Este" is related to the city where the family came from, Este.

The family was founded by Adalbert the Margrave, who might have been the true first margrave of Milan of this family. In 1209, Azzo VI was named the first marquess of Ferrara. The title passed to his descendants, and the marquisate was delegated to a cadet branch of the Este family. Later, they were also created marquesses of Modena and Reggio. In 1452 Borso d'Este, then marquis of Modena and Reggio, was raised by Emperor Frederick III with the title of duke of Modena and Reggio. In 1471, Pope Paul II formally elevated him in as Duke of Ferrara, over which the family had in fact long presided. This latter territory was lost to the Papal States in 1597, while the House of Este continued to rule the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in the Emilia region until 1796, when it became part of Napoleon Bonaparte's Cispadane Republic. In 1814, the duchy was restored under the Habsburg grandson of the last Este duke, continuing until it was annexed by Piedmont Sardinia in 1859.

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotesAdalbert the MargraveBefore 940c. 940–951951Lordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Unknown Ruler of the Eastern March (or March of Milan), and founder of the Obertenghi family, direct ancestor to the House of Este. Oberto IBefore 951Son of Adalbert951 – 15 October 97515 October 975Lordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Willa of Spoletoseven children Also Marquess of Milan. A son of his was the founder of the Malaspina family. Oberto IIBefore 975Sons of Oberto I and Willa of Spoleto15 October 975 – 10141014Lordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Railendasix children Also Marquesses of Milan. The sons of Alberto I founded the Pallavicini family. Alberto I15 October 975 – 10021002Lordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Unknownthree childrenUgo IBefore 1014Son of Oberto II and Railenda1014(26 January) 1035PiacenzaLordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Unmarried Also Marquess of Milan, and Count of Padua and Vicenza. Deposed in the same year of accession. Alberto Azzo I(Alberto II Azzo I)Before 1014Son of Oberto II and Railenda1014–10291029Lordship of Este(part of the March of Milan)Adelaone child Also Marquess of Milan. Alberto Azzo II(Alberto III Azzo II)997ModenaSon of Alberto Azzo I and Adela1029 – 20 August 109720 August 1097Vangadizzaaged 99–100?Lordship of EsteRaised to:Marquisate of EsteKunigunde of Altdorf1036one childGarsenda of Mainec. 1050two childrenVitalia Orseoloone child First ruler to be known as Marquis. Also Marquess of Milan, and the founder of the House of Este. His son from his first wife, Welf IV, is the ancestor of the House of Welf. Folco Ic. 1050?Son of Alberto Azzo II and Garsenda of Maine20 August 1097 – December 112815 or 22 December 1128Vangadizzaaged 87–88 or 100–101Marquisate of EsteUnknownsix children Also Marquess of Milan. Referenced as titular, because, after Alberto Azzo II's death, the lands of the family were partitioned between the various branches of the family (including Malaspinas and Pallavicinis). Azzo IIIAfter 1071Sons of Ugo d'Este, Count of Maine and Heria of HautevilleDecember 1128 – c. 1142After 1142Marquisate of EsteAichivaone child Nephews of Folco, referenced in documents as marchese, proving, along with Azzo's numbering, that they may have co ruled with their cousins. Tancredo1128 – c. 1145After 1145UnknownAzzo IVc.1100?Sons of Folco IDecember 1128 – c. 1154c.1154aged 53–54?Este(then included in the March of Milan)Unknown Sons of Folco I, ruled jointly and with their cousins Azzo III and Tancredo. aged 64–65?Unknowntwo childrenFolco IIDecember 1128 – 11781178aged 77–78?Unknownone childAlberto IVDecember 1128 – 11841184 (after 10 April)aged 83–84?Matildatwo childrenObizzo IDecember 1128 – 25 December 119325 December 1193aged 92–93? Unknownone child Sofia Lendinarafive children1187 – 25 December 1193Lordship of FerraraAzzo Vc. 1125Son of Obizzo I and Sofia Lendinarac. 1140–1190c. 1190 (before 1193)Marquisate of Este Marchesella Adelardi1120two children Co rulers of Obizzo I, both predeceased him. Azzo V as his son, and Bonifazio II as his nephew.1187–1190 Lordship of FerraraBonifazio IIBefore 1178Son of Folco II1178–11901190Marquisate of EsteUnknown1187–1190 Lordship of FerraraAzzo VIc. 1170FerraraSon of Azzo V and Marchesella Adelardi25 December 1193 – November 1212November 1212Veronaaged 41–42Marquisate of Este(with Lordship of Ferrara ) Sofia Aldobrandini1189two childrenSophia of Savoybefore 1192one childAlice of Châtillon22 February 1204two children Son of Azzo V. Also Marquis of Ancona since 1209. In that year, the lordship of Ferrara was raised to a Marquisate. Aldobrandino Ic. 1190FerraraSon of Azzo VI and Sofia AldobrandiniNovember 1212 – 10 October 121510 October 1215Anconaaged 24–25Marquisate of Este(with Lordship of Ferrara) UnknownBefore 1215three children Died prematurely, but with children. However, he was succeeded by his minor half brother. Regencies of Alice of Châtillon, Alberto da Baone, and Tisone da Camposampiero (1215–1219)In 1222, Azzo was deposed of Ferrara by Salinguerra Torelli, but recovered the city in 1240. Azzo VII raised two of the children of his half brother, one of them being Saint Contardo of Este. Azzo VII Novelloc.1205FerraraSon of Azzo VI and Alice of Châtillon10 October 1215 16 February 126416 February 1264Apuliaaged 58–59Marquisate of Este Giovanna Puglia1221four childrenAmabilia Pallavicini1238no/two children10 October 1215 – 12221240 – 16 February 1264Lordship of Ferrara Occupation of Ferrara by Salinguerra II Torelli (1222–1240)Obizzo II1247 or 1252FerraraBastard son of Rinaldo d'Este16 February 1264 – January/February 129320 January or 13 February 1293Ferraraaged 41 or 46Marquisate of Este(with Lordship of Ferrara)Jacopina Fieschi1263three childrenCostanza della Scala1289two children Grandson of Azzo VII, as bastard son of Azzo's son, Rinaldo. Between 1288 and 1289 he achieved the joining of the communes of Modena and Reggio to the Este's lands. After his death the lands were partitioned between his sons.1288 January/February 1293Lordship of Modena1289 January/February 1293Lordship of ReggioAzzo VIIIc.1265FerraraSon of Obizzo II and Jacopina FieschiJanuary/February 1293 – 31 January 1308)</small>Alda RangoniApril 1305no children1317 – 26 July 1326Lordship of FerraraFrancesco Ic. 1290FerraraSon of Obizzo II and Costanza della ScalaJanuary/February 1293 – 23 August 131223 August 1312Ferraraaged 22–23Marquisate of Este(with Lordship of Reggio until 1306)Orsina Orsinifour childrenModenese Republic (1306–1336)Reggio occupied by the Papal States (1306–1405)Regency of Fresco d'Este (1308) Barred from succession (despite Ferrara wanting him to succeed his father), Fresco d'Este was appointed regent for his own son Folco, the designated heir of Azzo VIII. Fresco tried to appeal to the Papal States to regain his place, but Ferrara ended up temporarily absorbed by the Papal army. Folco IIc.1300?FerraraSon of Fresco d'Este and Pellegrina Caccianemici31 January October 13081452 – 18 May 1471Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio(1452–1471)Ercole I the Fearless26 October 1431FerraraSon of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo 18 May 1471 – 15 June 150515 June 1505Ferraraaged 73Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and ReggioEleanor of NaplesJuly 1473six childrenSigismondo I31 August 1433FerraraSon of Niccolò III and Ricciarda of Saluzzo 11 May 1501 – 1 April 15071 April 1507Ferraraaged 73Lordship of San Martino in RioPizzocarathree children Received the lordship based at San Martino in Rio from his brother. Alfonso I the Artilleryman21 July 1476FerraraSon of Ercole I and Eleanor of Naples15 June 1505 – 31 October 153431 October 1534Ferraraaged 58Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and ReggioAnna Maria Sforza23 January 1491Paviano childrenLucrezia Borgia1 September 1501Ferraraseven childrenErcolec.1470Bastard son of Sigismondo I and Cecilia Rachesi1 April 1507 – 15231523Castellaranoaged 52–53Lordship of San Martino in RioAngela Sforza28 November 1492two childrenSigismondo II1493Son of Ercole and Angela Sforza1523–15611561Paviaaged 67–68Lordship of San Martino in RioGiustina Trivulzio1533six childrenAlfonso10 March 1527FerraraBastard son of Alfonso I and Laura Dianti28 August 1533 – 1 November 15871 November 1587Ferraraaged 50Lordship of Montecchio(1533–1562)Marquisate of Montecchio(1562–1587)Giulia Della Rovere3 January 1549three children Inherited from his father the lordship of Montecchio, which was raised to marquisate in 1569. Ercole II5 April 1508FerraraSon of Alfonso I and Lucrezia Borgia31 October 1534 – 3 October 15593 October 1559Ferraraaged 51Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and ReggioRenée of France28 June 1528Parisfive childrenAlfonso II22 November 1533FerraraSon of Ercole II and Renée of France 3 October 1559 – 27 October 159727 October 1597Ferraraaged 63Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and ReggioLucrezia de' Medici3 July 1558Florenceno childrenBarbara of Austria5 December 1565Innsbruckno childrenMargherita Gonzaga24 February 1579Ferrarano children Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Cesare. Filippo I1537FerraraSon of Sigismondo II and Giustina Trivulzio1561 – 13 December 159213 December 1592Ferraraaged 54–55Lordship of San Martino in Rio(1561–1588)Marquisate of San Martino in Rio(1588–1592)Maria of Savoy20 January 1570Turinfive children During his rule the lordship was raised to a marquisate (1588). Acquired in 1580 the marquisate of Lanzo. Carlo Filiberto I1 November 1571San Martino in RioFirst son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy13 December 1592 – 26 May 165226 May 1652Milanaged 80Marquisate of San Martino in Rio Luisa de Cárdenas1606no childrenLivia Marini Castagnano children Children of Filippo I, divided their patrimony. Sigismondo26 June 1572TurinSecond son of Filippo I and Maria of Savoy13 December 1592 – 26 August 162826 August 1628Turinaged 56Marquisate of LanzoFrancesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel1618three childrenCesare8 October 1562FerraraSon of Alfonso I, Marquess of Montecchio and Giulia della Rovere 1 November 1587 27 October 159711 December 1628Modenaaged 67Marquisate of MontecchioVirginia de' Medici30 January 1586Florenceten children Cousin of Alfonso II. In 1598, the lack of recognition of his succession in Ferrara led to its annexation to the Papal States.27 October 1597 – 11 December 1628Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio(1597–1598)Duchy of Modena and Reggio(1598–1628)Ferrara definitively annexed by the Papal StatesMontecchio briefly annexed to Modena (1597–1638)Filippo II Francesco1621First son of Sigismondo, Marquis of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel26 August 1628 – 26 May 16521653aged 31–32Marquisate of LanzoMargaret of Savoy30 November 1645Turinthree children In 1652, reunited Lanzo and San Martino in Rio. Created, in 1646, the marquisate of Dronero.26 May 1652 – 1653San Martino in RioLanzo definitively annexed to San Martino in RioAlfonso III22 October 1591FerraraSon of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici11 December 1628 – 11 July 162926 May 1644Castelnuovo di Garfagnanaaged 52Duchy of Modena and ReggioIsabella of Savoy22 February 1608Turinfourteen children In 1629, abdicated to his son, to enter in the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. Francesco I6 September 1610ModenaSon of Alfonso III and Isabella of Savoy 11 July 1629 – 14 October 165814 October 1658Santhiàaged 48Duchy of Modena and ReggioMaria Caterina Farnese11 January 1631Parmanine childrenVittoria Farnese12 February 1648Parmaone childLucrezia Barberini14 October 1654one child Joined Florence and Venice against the Papal States in the Wars of Castro, hoping to reconquer Ferrara, with no success. Luigi I27 March 1594FerraraSon of Cesare and Virginia de' Medici 1643 1 January 16641 January 1664Modenaaged 69Marquisate of Scandiano(with Marquisate of Montecchio)Unmarried Invested by his nephew with marquisate of Scandiano, and with it also came the old Marquisate of Montecchio. With no descendants of his own, he was succeeded by his nephews. Carlo Emanuele1622BorgomaneroSecond son of Sigismondo, Marquis of Lanzo and Francesca Charledes d’Antel d’Hostel26 May 1652 – 24 October 169524 October 1695Viennaaged 72–73Marquisate of BorgomaneroPaola Camilla Marliani1645one child Inherited from his uncle, Carlo Filiberto I, the lands of Borgomanero and Porlezza, creating a new marquisate. Sigismondo III1647First son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy1653 – 28 August 173228 August 1732Parmaaged 84–85Marquisate of San Martino in Rio Maria Teresa of Monacoseven children Children of Filippo II, divided the patrimony. In 1720, the title of "marquess of Lanzo" ceased to exist. Carlo Filiberto1649Second son of Filippo II Francesco and Margaret of Savoy1653 – 25 July 170325 July 1703Parmaaged 53–54Marquisate of Dronero Thérese de Mesmes de Marollessix childrenAlfonso IV14 October 1634ModenaSon of Francesco I and Maria Caterina Farnese14 October 1658 – 16 July 166216 July 1662Modenaaged 27Duchy of Modena and ReggioLaura Martinozzi27 May 1655Compiègnetwo children Regency of Laura Martinozzi (1662–1674) Francesco II6 March 1660ModenaSon of Alfonso IV and Laura Martinozzi 16 July 1662 – 6 September 16946 September 1694Modenaaged 34Duchy of Modena and ReggioMargherita Maria Farnese14 July 1692Parmano childrenLuigi II 28 August 1648Reggio EmiliaFirst son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este1 January 1664 – 26 May 169826 May 1698Modenaaged 49Marquisate of Scandiano Unmarried Children of Borso, and nephews of Luigi I. Divided the inherited patrimony: Foresto abdicated of Montecchio to his younger brother Cesare Ignazio, but inherited his elder brother Luigi's property: after their deaths the patrimony was annexed to Modena. Foresto20 April 1652ModenaSecond son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este1 January 1664 – 23 May 16801725aged 72–73Marquisate of Montecchio 26 May 1698 – 1725ScandianoCesare Ignazio1653Third son of Borso d'Este and Ippolita d'Este 23 May 1680 – 27 October 171327 October 1713Reggio Emiliaaged 59–60Marquisate of Montecchio Montecchio was annexed to ModenaScandiano was annexed to ModenaRinaldo26 April 1655ModenaSon of Francesco I and Lucrezia Barberini 6 September 1694 – 26 April 173726 April 1737Modenaaged 82Duchy of Modena and ReggioCharlotte Felicitas of Brunswick Lüneburg11 February 1696Modenaseven children Albeit declaring neutrality on the War of the Spanish Succession, France invaded Modena and Rinaldo had to flee to Bologna. In 1707, German troops ousted the French and restored the throne to Rinaldo. Carlo Filiberto1646Son of Carlo Emanuele and Paola Camilla Marliani24 October 1695 – 17141714aged 67–68Marquisate of Borgomanero Bibiana Gonzaga1671one child Gabriele1673TurinSon of Carlo Filiberto and Thérese de Mesmes de Marolles25 July 1703 – 17341734Castelfranco Emiliaaged 60–61Marquisate of Dronero(with Marquisate of Borgomanero from 1716)Clara Colomba Cobianchitwo childrenAfter his death Dronero was inherited by the Birago di Vische family, and Borgomanero reverted to Modena. Borgomanero was annexed to San Martino in RioDronero inherited by the Birago di Vische familyCarlo Filiberto II16 March 1678San Martino in RioSon of Sigismondo III and Maria Teresa of Monaco1732 – 30 April 175230 April 1752San Martino in Rioaged 74Marquisate of San Martino in Rio (1732–1747)Principality of San Martino in Rio (1747–1752)Teresa Sfondrati(1710–1773)1734three children In 1747 the marquisate was raised to a principality. However, as he didn't have male heirs, after his death, the lands he ruled went to Modena. San Martino in Rio definitively annexed to Modena ReggioFrancesco III2 July 1698ModenaSon of Rinaldo and Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick Lüneburg26 April 1737 – 22 February 178022 February 1780Modenaaged 81Duchy of Modena and ReggioCharlotte Aglaé d'Orléans21 June 1720Modenaten children As the duchy was bankrupted by the Wars of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Successions, Francesco sold artworks of the Estense Gallery. He was a careful administrator, but most of the duchy's financial policy was in the hands of the Austrian plenipotentiary, Beltrame Cristiani. Ercole III22 September 1727ModenaSon of Francesco III and Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans22 February 1780 – 16 October 179614 October 1803Trevisoaged 75Duchy of Modena and ReggioMaria Teresa Cybo Malaspina, Duchess of Massa16 April 1741Modenatwo childrenChiara Marini1795(morganatic)one child In 1785 he founded the Atesine Academy of Fine Arts: during his reign arts and culture flourished. The French invasion forced him to flee to Venice on 7 May 1796. Later, French soldiers captured him there, robbing 200,000 zecchini from his house. Then he moved to Treviso, where he died in 1803. The peaces of Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville had assigned him territories in Breisgau in exchange of the lost Duchy, but he never took possession of them.