Окинава каратэсіндегі «Санчин» катасы

Okinawan karate kata
三戦 (三戰, 三進, 参戦)Japanese:sanchinMandarin Pinyin:sānzhànMin Nan POJ:sam chiànLiterally"three battles"

Sanchin (三戦) is a kata of apparent Southern Chinese (Fujianese) origin that is considered to be the core of several styles, the most well known being the Okinawan Karate styles of Uechi Ryū and Gōjū Ryū, as well as the Chinese martial arts of Fujian White Crane, Five Ancestors, Pangai noon and the Tiger Crane Combination style associated with Ang Lian Huat. Tam Hon taught a style that was called simply "Saam Jin" (Cantonese for "Sanchin"). The name Sanchin, meaning "three battles/conflicts/wars" is usually interpreted as the battle to unify the mind, body, and spirit; however, there are other interpretations. Uechi Ryū practices a form of Sanchin with nukite zuki (貫手突) "open spear hand" strikes, while the version used by many other styles such as Gōjū Ryū and Chitō ryū use a closed fist.

Sanchin uses the sanchin dachi (三戦立ち) "sanchin stance" named for the kata. Practice of Sanchin seeks to develop the muscles and bones of the body to help the practitioner withstand blows from an opponent, while drilling the basic mechanics of a strike that depends on a stable base. Sanchin is the first kata learned in Uechi Ryū, while other styles may introduce it later. In Gōjū Ryu, there are two Sanchin kata. The first, "Miyagi's Sanchin" or sanchin dai ichi, was created by Chōjun Miyagi. The second, "Higashionna's sanchin" or sanchin dai ni was taught with open hands, as in Uechi Ryū, but later it was also revised to closed fists by Miyagi's co student Juhatsu Kyoda, founder of Tōon Ryū, and adopted by Chōjun Miyagi as well. This kata was adopted by other styles such as the later Okinawan style Isshin Ryū and Kyokushin.