Венгр математигі Гюла Кёниг: өмір және еңбектері

Hungarian mathematician

Gyula Kőnig (16 December 1849 – 8 April 1913) was a mathematician from Hungary. His mathematical publications in German appeared under the name Julius König. His son Dénes Kőnig was a graph theorist.

Gyula Kőnig was active literarily and mathematically. He studied medicine in Vienna and, from 1868 on, in Heidelberg. After having worked, instructed by Hermann von Helmholtz, on electrical stimulation of nerves, he switched to mathematics. He obtained his doctorate under the supervision of the mathematician Leo Königsberger. His thesis Zur Theorie der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen covers 24 pages. As a post doc he completed his mathematical studies in Berlin attending lessons by Leopold Kronecker and Karl Weierstraß. He then returned to Budapest where he was appointed as a dozent at the University in 1871. He became a professor at the Teacher's College in Budapest in 1873 and, in the following year, was appointed professor at the Technical University of Budapest. He remained with the university for the rest of his life. He was on three occasions Dean of the Engineering Faculty and also on three occasions was Rector of the University. In 1889 he was elected a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Although of Jewish descent, Kőnig converted to Christianity soon after his election. In 1905 he retired but continued to give lessons on topics of his interest. His son Dénes also became a distinguished mathematician.

Kőnig worked in many mathematical fields. His work on polynomial ideals, discriminants and elimination theory can be considered as a link between Leopold Kronecker and David Hilbert as well as Emmy Noether. Later on his ideas were simplified considerably, to the extent that today they are only of historical interest. Kőnig already considered material influences on scientific thinking and the mechanisms which stand behind thinking. But mainly he is remembered for his contributions to and his opposition against set theory.

Zur Theorie der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen, Thesis, Heidelberg 1870. Ueber eine reale Abbildung der s. g. Nicht Euclidischen Geometrie, Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg August Universität zu Göttingen, No. 9 (1872) 157 164. Einleitung in die allgemeine Theorie der Algebraischen Groessen, Leipzig 1903. Zum Kontinuum Problem , Mathematische Annalen 60 (1905) 177 180. Über die Grundlagen der Mengenlehre und das Kontinuumproblem, Mathematische Annalen 61 (1905) 156 160. Über die Grundlagen der Mengenlehre und das Kontinuumproblem (Zweite Mitteilung), Mathematische Annalen 63 (1907) 217 221. Neue Grundlagen der Logik, Arithmetik und Mengenlehre, Leipzig 1914.