Кіріспе
1768-1814 жылдар аралығында Неаполь мен Сицилияның патшайымы Мария Каролина (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 тамыз 1752 – 8 қыркүйек 1814) – король Фердинанд IV және III-нің әйелі ретінде Неаполь мен Сицилияның патшайымы, кейіннен Екі Сицилияның патшасы болды. Күйеуінің патшалықтарының іс жүзіндегі билеушісі ретінде Мария Каролина көптеген реформаларды қадағалады, оның ішінде масондыққа тыйым салуды алып тастау, өзінің сүйіктісі сэр Джон Актонның басшылығымен теңіз флотын кеңейту және испандық ықпалды жою болды. Француз революциясына дейін ол ағартушылық абсолютизмнің жақтаушысы болды, бірақ оның идеяларының таралуына жол бермеу үшін Неапольді полициялық мемлекетке айналдырды. Мария Каролина Австрияның эрцгерцогинясы, император Мария Терезия мен император Франциск I-нің он үшінші баласы болып дүниеге келді. Фердинандқа үйленуі – Австрияның Испаниямен жасаған одағының бір бөлігі болды, Фердинандтың әкесі сол елдің патшасы еді. 1775 жылы ұл мұрагер дүниеге келгеннен кейін Мария Каролина Патшалық кеңесіне қабылданды. Ол 1812 жылға дейін Кеңеске басшылық етті, содан кейін Венаға қайтарылды. Анасы сияқты, Мария Каролина да балалары үшін саяси тиімді некелер ұйымдастырды. Мария Каролина Неапольді өнер орталығы ретінде дамытты, суретшілер Якоб Филипп Хакерт пен Анжелика Кауффманға, сондай-ақ ғалымдар Гаэтано Филанджери, Доменико Сирилло және Джузеппе Мария Галантиге демеушілік көрсетті. Француздардың өз патшайымына, оның қарындасы Мария Антуанеттаға көрсеткен қатыгездігін жек көретін Мария Каролина Наполеон және Француз революциялық соғыстары кезінде Неапольді Ұлыбританиямен және Австриямен одақтастырды. Француздық оккупацияланған Римге жасалған сәтсіз неаполитандық шабуылдан кейін, ол 1798 жылдың желтоқсан айында күйеуімен бірге Сицилияға қашып кетті. Бір айдан кейін Партенопея Республикасы жарияланды, ол Неапольдегі Бурбон билігін алты айға жоққа шығарды. 1806 жылы француз әскерлері Мария Каролинаны екінші рет Неаполь патшайымы лауазымынан шеттетуге мәжбүр етті. Ол 1814 жылы Венада қайтыс болды, бұл күйеуінің Неапольге қайта оралуынан бір жыл бұрын болды. Мария Каролина Мария Терезияның соңғы тірі баласы еді. Ол сондай-ақ Екі Сицилия Корольдығы құрылғанға дейін Неаполь мен Сицилияның соңғы патшайымы болды.
Queen of Naples and Sicily from 1768 to 1814
Maria Carolina (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV and III, who later became King of the Two Sicilies. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in 1775, Maria Carolina was admitted to the Privy Council. She dominated the Council until 1812, when she was sent back to Vienna. Like her mother, Maria Carolina arranged politically advantageous marriages for her children. Maria Carolina promoted Naples as a centre of the arts, patronising painters Jacob Philipp Hackert and Angelica Kauffman, and academics Gaetano Filangieri, Domenico Cirillo and Giuseppe Maria Galanti. Maria Carolina, abhorring how the French treated their queen, her sister Marie Antoinette, allied Naples with Britain and Austria during the Napoleonic and French Revolutionary Wars. As a result of a failed Neapolitan invasion of French occupied Rome, she fled to Sicily with her husband in December 1798. One month later, the Parthenopean Republic was declared, which repudiated Bourbon rule in Naples for six months. Deposed as Queen of Naples for a second time by French forces, in 1806, Maria Carolina died in Vienna in 1814, a year before her husband's restoration to Naples. Maria Carolina was the last surviving child of Maria Theresa. She was also the last queen of Naples and Sicily before the unification of the two into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Maria Carolina (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV and III, who later became King of the Two Sicilies. As de facto ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in 1775, Maria Carolina was admitted to the Privy Council. She dominated the Council until 1812, when she was sent back to Vienna. Like her mother, Maria Carolina arranged politically advantageous marriages for her children. Maria Carolina promoted Naples as a centre of the arts, patronising painters Jacob Philipp Hackert and Angelica Kauffman, and academics Gaetano Filangieri, Domenico Cirillo and Giuseppe Maria Galanti. Maria Carolina, abhorring how the French treated their queen, her sister Marie Antoinette, allied Naples with Britain and Austria during the Napoleonic and French Revolutionary Wars. As a result of a failed Neapolitan invasion of French occupied Rome, she fled to Sicily with her husband in December 1798. One month later, the Parthenopean Republic was declared, which repudiated Bourbon rule in Naples for six months. Deposed as Queen of Naples for a second time by French forces, in 1806, Maria Carolina died in Vienna in 1814, a year before her husband's restoration to Naples. Maria Carolina was the last surviving child of Maria Theresa. She was also the last queen of Naples and Sicily before the unification of the two into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Ерте өмір
1752 жылы 13 тамызда Венадағы Шёнбрунн сарайында дүниеге келген Мария Каролина Луиза Жозефа Иоанна Антония – Мажарстан және Богемия королевасы Мария Тереза мен Габсбургтер иелігінің билеушісі Франциск I-нің он үшінші және алтыншы тірі қалған баласы еді. Ол өзінің үлкен әпкелері – Мария Каролина, ол туған күнінен екі апта өткен соң қайтыс болды, және Мария Каролина, крещениеден кейін бірнеше сағаттан соң дүниеден озды, есімдерін мұра еткенімен, отбасында Шарлотта деп аталды. Оның спонсорлары Франция королі Людовик XV және оның әйелі Мария Лещинская болды. Мария Каролина анасына ең көп ұқсайтын қыз еді. Мария Каролина кіші қарындасы Мария Антуанеттамен тығыз байланыс орнатты. 1767 жылдың тамызында Мария Тереза екі қызды – бұрын графша Мария фон Брандис күтімінде бірге өскен қыздарды – олардың жаман мінез-құлқына байланысты ажыратты. Содан кейін, сол жылдың қазан айында Испаниямен жасалған одақтың аясында Неапольдің Фердинанд IV-іне үйленуге тиіс болған Мария Каролинаның әпкесі Мария Жозефа, Неапольге жолға шығар алдында шешек індетінен қайтыс болды. Осыған дейін бес жыл бұрын Мария Жозефаның үлкен әпкесі Мария Иоанна да жас патшамен кездесуге ниеттенген, бірақ ол да шешекке шалдығып қайтыс болды. Австрия-Испания одағын сақтап қалу үшін Испания королі Карл III, Фердинанд IV-тің әкесі, Мария Жозефаның әпкесін оның орнына сұрады. Императрица Мадрид сарайына ұсыныс жасады және Неаполь сарайы атынан келіссөздер жүргізіп, Мария Амалияны немесе Мария Каролинаны ұсынды. Мария Амалия ұлынан бес жас үлкен болғандықтан, Карл III екіншісін таңдады. Тоғыз айдан кейін, 1768 жылдың 7 сәуірінде Мария Каролина Фердинанд IV-ке өкілеттікпен тұрмысқа шықты, оның ағасы Фердинанд күйеу жігіттің өкілі ретінде қатысты.
Born on 13 August 1752 at the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia was the thirteenth and sixth surviving child of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and ruler of the Habsburg dominions, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was a namesake of her elder sisters – Maria Carolina, who died two weeks after her first birthday, and Maria Carolina, who died several hours after being baptised – but she was known as Charlotte by her family. Her godparents were King Louis XV of France and his wife, Maria Leszczyńska. Maria Carolina was the daughter who resembled her mother most. Maria Carolina formed a very close bond with her youngest sister, Marie Antoinette. In August 1767 Maria Theresa separated the two girls, hitherto raised together under the auspices of Countess Marie von Brandis, because of their bad behaviour. Soon after in October of the same year, Maria Carolina's sister Maria Josepha, destined to marry Ferdinand IV of Naples as part of an alliance with Spain, died during a smallpox epidemic before she could leave for Naples to marry him. Just five years earlier, Maria Josepha's older sister, Maria Johanna was previously engaged to the young king, but she too had died from smallpox. Anxious to save the Austro Spanish alliance, Charles III of Spain, father of Ferdinand IV, requested one of Maria Josepha's sisters as a replacement. The empress offered the court of Madrid, negotiating on behalf of that of Naples, Maria Amalia or Maria Carolina. Because Maria Amalia was five years older than his son, Charles III opted for the latter. Nine months later, on 7 April 1768, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand IV of Naples by proxy, her brother Ferdinand representing the bride groom.
Ерте билік
Он бес жасар Неаполь патшайымы Венадан Неапольге демалыспен сапар шекті, жол бойы Мантуя, Болонья, Флоренция және Римде тоқтады. Ол 1768 жылдың 12 мамырында Неаполь Корольдігіне кірді, Террасинада түсіп, сол жерде туған жерінің қызметшілерімен қоштасты. Лерхенфельд графинясына ол: "Мен оны тек борыштан ғана жақсы көремін" деп жазды.
The fifteen year old Queen of Naples journeyed at leisure from Vienna to Naples, making stops at Mantua, Bologna, Florence, and Rome on the way. She entered the Kingdom of Naples on 12 May 1768, disembarking at Terracina, where she took leave of her native attendants. To the Countess of Lerchenfeld, she wrote, "I love him only out of duty "
Дегенмен, Мария Каролинаның күйеуіне деген ұнамауы оның бала тууына кедергі болмады, себебі оның ең маңызды әйелдік міндеті – әулетті жалғастыру еді. Барлығында Мария Каролина Фердинандтан он сегіз бала туды, олардың жетісі ересекке дейін жетті, соның ішінде оның мұрагері Франциск I, соңғы Рим императоршасы, Тоскананың ұлы герцогинясы, француз королевасы және Астурия ханшайымы. Мария Каролина Австрияда 1772 жылдан 1793 жылға дейін жиырма бір жылдың ішінде он сегіз бала дүниеге келтірді.
Maria Carolina's dislike of her husband, however, did not get in the way of her bearing children, as her most important wifely duty was to perpetuate the dynasty. In total, Maria Carolina bore Ferdinand eighteen children, of whom seven survived into adulthood including his successor, Francis I, the last Holy Roman Empress, a Grand Duchess of Tuscany, the last Queen of the French, and a Princess of Asturias. Maria Carolina of Austria gave birth to eighteen children in twenty one years, from 1772 to 1793.
Тануччидің құлауы
Сан-Никандро ханзадасынан толыққанды білім алмаған Фердинанд билік жүргізуге қабілетсіз болды, ол толығымен әкесі, Испанияның Карл III-нің кеңесіне сүйенді, ал кеңес Бернардо Тануччи арқылы жеткізілді. Мария Каролина, императрица Мария Терезаның нұсқауымен, Фердинандтың сүйікті әрекеті – аң ауруға деген қызығушылық танытып, оның сенімін жеңіп алды. Осыған дейін Мария Каролина күйеуінің регенттігі орналысынан бері ұмытылып кеткен Неаполь сарайының өмірін қайта жаңғыртуға жетекшілік етті. Гаэтано Филанджери, Доменико Чирилло және Джузеппе Мария Галанти сияқты ғалымдар оның салонына жиі келіп тұратын. Тануччидің құлдырауы Мария Каролинамен араздасқан масондыққа байланысты болды, ол оның жақтасы болды. Патшайымның тілегіне мойынсұнып, Фердинанд 1776 жылдың қазанында Тануччини қызметтен босатып, бұл оның әкесімен арадағы қарым-қатынастың уысуына себеп болды. Тануччидің орнына тағайындалған Маркиз Самбука, Мария Каролинаның әлсіз қуыршағы, Неапольдегі испандық ықпалдың аяқталуын білдірді, ол бұрын осы елдің провинциясы сияқты болған. Мария Каролина Испанияның ықпалын Австрияның ықпалымен алмастырып, ақсүйектердің көп бөлігін наразылыққа ұшыратты. Оның ақсүйектер арасындағы танымалдығы олардың артықшылықтарын шектеу әрекеттерімен азайды. Ағасы, Киелі Рим императоры Иосиф II-нің кеңесімен Мария Каролина мен Актон Неаполь теңіз флотын жаңғыртты, содан кейін оған көңіл бөлмеді, 4 теңіз колледжін ашып, әр түрлі өлшемдегі 150 кемені құрылысқа тапсырды. Сауда флоты Ресей және Генуямен жасалған сауда келісімдері арқылы дамыды. Мария Каролина корольдың жазған хатына жауап берді, онда Карл III-ке Актон, француз әйелінің ұлы, ағылшын емес екенін және ол Испанияның Ұлыбританиямен араздасуы басталғанға дейін тағайындалғанын түсіндірді. 1782 жылға қарай Актон мен Мария Каролина өте жақын болғандықтан, Сардинияның Неапольдегі елшісінің мәлімдемесіне сәйкес, адамдар оларды жақын достар деп ойлады. Патша бұл қауесеттің жалған екенін білмеді, ол бірнеше рет оларды "бірге кездестіруге" тырысты және ашуға кенеліп, екеуін де өлтіремін деп қорқытты. Осыған жауап ретінде Мария Каролина күйеуіне тыңшылар жіберді, бірақ көп ұзамай олар татуласты. Мария Каролина неміс-швейцар суретшілерін демеушілік етті, ең алдымен Анжелика Кауффманды, ол 1783 жылы патшайымның отбасын бейресми бақта суреттеді және қыздарына сурет салу сабақтарын берді. Мария Каролина Кауффманға көптеген сыйлықтар берді, бірақ ол Неапольден гөрі Римдегі суретшілер ортасын артық жақсы көрді. Корольдің демеушілігі портрет суретшілерімен ғана шектелмеді: ол пейзаж суретшісі Якоб Филипп Хакертке Франкавилладағы сарайдың бір қанатын бөлді. Хакерттің ұсынысымен король мен патшайым Палаццо Фарнезедегі мүсіндерді қалпына келтіріп, Неапольге әкелді. 1784 жылы патшайым Сан-Люсио атты қайырымдылықтық колонияны құрды, ол өзінің ерекше заңдары мен әдет-ғұрыптары бар, жібек тоқуды ғана мақсат еткен ауыл болды. Сондай-ақ ол алтын шеберлерден әсем тамақ жәшіктерін және зергерлік бұйымдар жасауды тапсырды. 1788 жылы король Карл III қайтыс болғаннан кейін, Неаполь мен Испания қарым-қатынастары жақсарды. Жаңа король Карл IV ағасымен, Неаполь королімен жақсы қарым-қатынаста болуға құштар болды және испандық флотты оған сәлемдесу үшін жіберді. Олардың татуласуын нығайту үшін Карл IV өзінің қызын король мен патшайымның үлкен ұлы, Калабрия герцогіне үйлендіруді ұсынды. Австрияның мұрагерлік ханзадасы Францисктің әйелі, Вюртемберг герцогинясы Элизабеттің қайтыс болуы оған некелік мақсаттарын орындауға мүмкіндік берді. Оның қыздары Мария Тереза мен Луиза 1790 жылы Неаполь корольдік отбасының Венаға сапары кезінде мұрагерлік ханзада Франциск пен Тоскананың ұлы герцогы Фердинанд III-ке тұрмысқа шықты.
Ferdinand, having received a lacklustre education from the Prince of San Nicandro, lacked the ability to rule, relying completely on his father Charles III of Spain's counsel, communicated by Bernardo Tanucci. Pursuant to Empress Maria Theresa's instructions, Maria Carolina gained Ferdinand's trust by feigning interest in his favourite activity—hunting. Until then, Maria Carolina presided over the rejuvenation of Neapolitan court life, largely neglected since the advent of her husband's regency. Academics Gaetano Filangieri, Domenico Cirillo, and Giuseppe Maria Galanti frequented her salon, among others. Tanucci's fall from grace came about over an argument with Maria Carolina regarding Freemasonry, of which she was an adherent. Resigned to the queen's wishes, Ferdinand dismissed Tanucci in October 1776, causing a rift with his father. The appointment of Tanucci's successor, the Marquis of Sambuca, Maria Carolina's powerless puppet, represented the end of Spanish influence in Naples, hitherto virtually a province of that country. Maria Carolina proceeded to alienate large swaths of the nobility by replacing the influence of Spain with that of Austria. Her unpopularity among the nobility was increased by her attempts to curb their prerogative. Acting on her brother the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II's advice, Maria Carolina and Acton revamped the Neapolitan navy, then neglected, opening 4 marine colleges and commissioning 150 ships of various sizes. The merchant navy, too, was augmented by trade pacts with Russia and Genoa. Maria Carolina once again replied using a letter written by the king, expounding to Charles III that Acton, the son of a French woman, was not English and that he was appointed before Spanish hostilities with Britain broke out. Acton and Maria Carolina were seen to have become so close by 1782 that, according to the Sardinian ambassador in Naples, people falsely believed they were lovers. That the rumour was untrue was not known to the king, who tried several times to "surprise you together" and threatened to kill them both in a rage. In response, Maria Carolina set spies on her husband, but a reconciliation was soon achieved.|alt=A family in simple clothing poses on an Arcadian landscape]]
Maria Carolina patronised German Swiss artists, foremostly Angelica Kauffman, who famously painted the queen's family in an informal garden setting in 1783, and gave her daughters lessons in drawing. Maria Carolina showered Kauffman with gifts, but she preferred the artistic circles in Rome to Naples. The queen's patronage was not restricted to portrait painters: she allotted landscape painter Jacob Philipp Hackert a wing of the palace at Francavilla. On recommendation from Hackert, the king and queen restored the statues of Palazzo Farnese and brought them to Naples. In 1784, the queen established the philanthropic San Leucio colony, a village with its own unique laws and customs whose sole object was to weave silk. She also commissioned ornamental snuff boxes and jewellery from goldsmiths. In 1788, with the death of King Charles III, Neapolitan Spanish relations improved. The new king, Charles IV, was eager to be on good terms with his brother, the King of Naples, sending the Spanish fleet to salute to him. To consolidate their reconciliation, Charles IV proposed that his daughter marry the king and queen's eldest son, the Duke of Calabria. The death of the queen's nephew Crown Prince Francis of Austria's wife, Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, afforded her an opportunity to fulfil her marital ambitions. Her daughters Maria Theresa and Luisa married Crown Prince Francis and Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, respectively, during the Neapolitan royal family's visit to Vienna in 1790.
Maria Carolina patronised German Swiss artists, foremostly Angelica Kauffman, who famously painted the queen's family in an informal garden setting in 1783, and gave her daughters lessons in drawing. Maria Carolina showered Kauffman with gifts, but she preferred the artistic circles in Rome to Naples. The queen's patronage was not restricted to portrait painters: she allotted landscape painter Jacob Philipp Hackert a wing of the palace at Francavilla. On recommendation from Hackert, the king and queen restored the statues of Palazzo Farnese and brought them to Naples. In 1784, the queen established the philanthropic San Leucio colony, a village with its own unique laws and customs whose sole object was to weave silk. She also commissioned ornamental snuff boxes and jewellery from goldsmiths. In 1788, with the death of King Charles III, Neapolitan Spanish relations improved. The new king, Charles IV, was eager to be on good terms with his brother, the King of Naples, sending the Spanish fleet to salute to him. To consolidate their reconciliation, Charles IV proposed that his daughter marry the king and queen's eldest son, the Duke of Calabria. The death of the queen's nephew Crown Prince Francis of Austria's wife, Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg, afforded her an opportunity to fulfil her marital ambitions. Her daughters Maria Theresa and Luisa married Crown Prince Francis and Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, respectively, during the Neapolitan royal family's visit to Vienna in 1790.
Ағартушы абсолютизмнің соңы
Мария Каролина папа Пий VI-мен шіркеу заңдары және епископтарды тағайындау мен сайлау мәселелері бойынша туған дау-дамайлар салдарынан нашарлаған Неаполь-Папа қарым-қатынасын жақсартуға ниеттенді. Сондықтан Мария Каролина папамен кездесу ұйымдастырды. Папа бос қалған епископтықтарға епископтарды тағайындау құқығын патшаға беруге келісті. Мария Каролинаға Папаның үлкен құрметінің белгісі – Алтын роза табыс етілді. Франциядағы оқиғалар, әсіресе сүйікті қарындасы Мари Антуанеттаның жағдайы оны алаңдатты. Римде Мария Каролина Франция королі Людовик XV-нің соңғы екі тірі қалған қызымен – Франция ханшайымдарымен кездесті, олар Франциядағы қауырсындан қашып Римге келген еді. Олардан Мария Каролина қарындасы француздар тарапынан қудаланғанын естіді. Ол Франция революциясын қабылдамады және оның идеологиясының Неапольде таралуына жол бермеуге бел буды. Ол үшін Неапольді он екі полиция учаскесіне бөліп, оларды үкімет тағайындаған комиссарлар басқарды, бұрынғы халық сайлаған әкімдер жүйесін алмастырды. Учаскелердің тиімділігін арттыру үшін барлық топтан тыңшыларды жалдап, құпия полиция құрылды. Ұлыбританиямен әскери одақ жасау ниетімен, королева британдық елшінің әйелі Эмма Гамильтонды қабылдауға келісті, британдық королева Шарлотта Макленбург-Стрелиц оны әлі қабылдамаған болатын. Бұл Францияның марионеттік мемлекетіне айналу қаупі еді.
Maria Carolina was anxious to improve Neapolitan Papal relations, which had deteriorated owing to arguments with Pope Pius VI over ecclesiastical laws and the investiture and choice of bishops. Therefore, Maria Carolina arranged a meeting with the pope. The pope agreed to cede to the king the right of appointing bishops to vacant sees. On leaving, Maria Carolina was presented with the Golden Rose, a great mark of Papal favour. Alarmed by developments in France, especially in regards to her favourite sister, Marie Antoinette,#tag:ref|In Rome, Maria Carolina met the Mesdames de France, the last two surviving daughters of King Louis XV, who had sought refuge from the turmoil engulfing France there. From them, Maria Carolina learned of her sister's maltreatment at the hands of the French. She rejected the French Revolution and was determined to prevent its ideology gaining prevalence in Naples. She did this by sub dividing Naples into twelve police wards, controlled by government appointed commissioners, replacing the popularly elected alderman system. The effectiveness of the wards was increased by the creation of a secret police force, which had in its pay spies of every class. In an attempt to please Great Britain, with a military alliance in mind, the queen deigned to meet the wife of the English ambassador, Emma Hamilton, in audience, despite the fact that the British Queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg Strelitz, had not yet received her. a French puppet state.
Партенопея республикасының құтылуы және құрылуы
Неаполь мен Сицилия патшалығы Екінші коалицияға қосылғанда, Наполеон әрекет етуге себеп тапты. Француз генералы Жан Этьен Чемпионне тез арада табысқа жетіп, 1799 жылдың қаңтарында Неапольді басып алып, патша отбасын Сицилияға қашуға мәжбүр етті. Сицилиядағы жер аударылу кезінде Мария Каролина Неапольге қатысты саясатын жалғастырды. 1799 жылдың 24 қаңтарында генерал Чемпионне бастаған француз әскерлері Неапольде Партенопея республикасын жариялады. Таңдалған атау (болашақтағы Неаполь қаласы орналасқан ежелгі грек колониясы Партенопаның атынан) француздардың неаполитандықтардың қолдауын алуға жасаған әрекеті болды. Республика кезеңінде президент сайланған Эрколь Д'Агнезе басқарушылық құрылымы құрылып, баспасөз бостандығы жарияланды және болашақ реформалар дайындалды. Бірақ, 6 айдан кейін кардинал Фабрицио Руффо басқарған Санфедистер армиясы Неапольге шабуыл жасап басып кіргеннен кейін (1799 жылдың 21 маусымы) жас республика құлап түсті. Республиканың құлдырауына басты себеп корольдік армияны қару-жарақпен қамтамасыз еткен ағылшын флоты болды. 1799 жылдың ортасында адмирал Нельсон Неаполь мен Сицилиядан француз әскерлерін жеңіп, корольдік жұптың тағын сақтап қалды. 1800 жылдың маусым айында Мария Каролина үш үйленбеген қызы, кіші ұлы Леопольдо және Уильям мен Эмма Гамильтон, сондай-ақ Нельсонмен бірге Ливорно, Флоренция, Триест және Лайбах арқылы Венаға сапар шегіп, екі айдан кейін жетті. Мария Каролина екі жыл бойы туған жерінде болып, балалары үшін тиімді некелер жасады. Отбасы шеңберінде ол көбінесе сүйікті немересі, Австрияның архигерцогинясы Мари Луизамен уақыт өткізді, ол кейіннен оның өміріндегі жауы Наполеонның әйелі болды.
When the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily joined the Second Coalition, Napoleon found a reason to act. The French General Jean Étienne Championnet succeeded rapidly, and in January 1799 he occupied Naples and forced the royal family to escape to Sicily. In the Sicilian exile Maria Carolina continued her politics towards Naples. On 24 January 1799, the Parthenopean Republic was proclaimed in Naples by the French troops led by General Championnet. The chosen name (after Parthenope, an ancient Greek colony which existed on the site of the future city of Naples) was an attempt by the French to obtain the support of the Neapolitan people. During the republican period, a government was installed with Ercole D'Agnese as elected President, press freedom was proclaimed, and future reforms were prepared. However, after only 6 months, the young republic ended when the Sanfedisti, the army led by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, attacked and invaded Naples (21 June 1799). The collapse of the republic was largely due to the English fleet, which had supplied the royal army with weapons. Again, it was Admiral Nelson who successfully defeated the French in the middle of 1799 from Naples and Sicily securing the throne for the Royal couple. In June 1800, Maria Carolina traveled with her three unmarried daughters, her younger son Leopoldo, and accompanied by William and Emma Hamilton and Nelson over Livorno, Florence, Trieste and Laibach to Vienna, where she arrived two months later. Maria Carolina stayed two years in her homeland, where she arranged advantageous marriages for her children. In the family circle, she spent most time with her favorite grandchild, Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, who later became the wife of her arch enemy Napoleon.
Шөгеру және өлім
Венада болғаннан кейін Мария Каролина 1802 жылғы 17 тамызда Неапольге оралды. Наполеон патшайымды Неаполь Корольдігіндегі жалғыз ер адам деп айтқан деседі. Еуропалық мемлекеттер Наполеонның күшінің артуына алаңдады, ол 1804 жылғы 18 мамырда императорлық тәж кию рәсімімен ең жоғары деңгейге жетті. 1805 жылға қарай Италия жаңа императордың қызығушылығының орталығына айналды, оның тәжінде "Rex totius Italiae" деген жазу болды. Осыдан бастап оқиғалар жылдам дамыды және Мария Каролина 1805 жылғы 2 желтоқсанда Аустерлиц шайқасында Австрияның жеңілісі туралы жаңалықты естіп таң қалды. Наполеон содан кейін Неапольді басып алудан тартынбады және алдымен өзінің бауыры Жозеф Бонапартты, ал төрт жылдан кейін күйеу інісі Иоахим Муратты Неаполь тағына отырғызды. 1806 жылғы ақпанда патшалық отбасы Сицилияға қашуға мәжбүр болды. Шет елдегі босқындар Ұлыбританияның көмегіне сүйенді, бірақ Адмирал Нельсон 1805 жылғы 21 қазанда Трафальгар шайқасында қаза болғаннан кейін, британдықтар Мария Каролинаға деген ықыласын азайтты. Ақыры 1813 жылы оның күйеуі іс жүзінде (бірақ ресми түрде емес) тақтан бас тарды және ұлы Францискті регент етіп тағайындады. Бұл оны саяси ықпалынан айырды және патшайым Сицилиядан кетуге, Венаға оралуға мәжбүр болды. Сапарында ол 1813 жылғы 19 қазанда Лейпциг шайқасында Наполеонның жеңілісі туралы хабарды алды. Константинополь, Одесса, Львов және Будапешт арқылы ұзақ сапардан кейін Мария Каролина 1814 жылғы қаңтарда Венаға келді, онда ол күйеуін және өзін Неаполь тағына қайтару үшін князь Меттерних және оның сіңілі ұлы, Австрия императоры Франциск I-мен келіссөздер жүргізді. Бірақ бұл ешқашан орындалмады: Мария Каролина 8 қыркүйекте инсульт салдарынан қайтыс болды, Наполеонның соңғы жеңілісін және күйеуінің Вена конгресі арқылы таққа қайтаруын көре алмады. Оның үй қызметшісі патшайымды өлі күйі еденде, шашыраңқы хаттардың арасында тапты. Мария Каролина императрица Мария Терезаның соңғы тірі баласы болды. Мария Каролина Венадағы Императорлық мазарда жерленген. Оның ата-анасы мен көптеген бауырлары да сол жерде жатыр.
After her stay in Vienna, Maria Carolina returned to Naples on 17 August 1802. It is said that Napoleon claimed that the queen was the only man in the Kingdom of Naples. The European states were concerned by Napoleon's growing power, which reached its peak with his Imperial coronation on 18 May 1804. By 1805 Italy was again the center of interest of the new Emperor, whose crown bore the inscription Rex totius Italiae. From then on, events came quickly and Maria Carolina was surprised by the news of the defeat of Austria in the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805). Napoleon then did not hesitate to conquer Naples and installed first his brother Joseph Bonaparte, and four years later his brother in law Joachim Murat, on the throne of Naples. The royal family was forced to flee to Sicily in February 1806. In their exile, the refugees relied on the help of Great Britain, but after the death of Admiral Nelson in the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805), the British developed more and more aversion to Maria Carolina. Finally in 1813, her husband essentially (but not officially) abdicated and appointed their son Francis regent. This deprived her of any political influence, and the queen was forced to leave Sicily and return to Vienna. During her trip, she received the news of Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig on 19 October 1813. After a long journey through Constantinople, Odessa, Lviv, and Budapest, Maria Carolina finally arrived in Vienna in January 1814, where she began negotiations with Prince Metternich and her nephew, Emperor Francis I of Austria, for the restoration of her husband and herself to the Neapolitan throne. However, this never happened: Maria Carolina died on 8 September as a consequence of a stroke, without seeing the final defeat of Napoleon and the restoration of her husband by the Congress of Vienna. Her maid found the queen lying dead on the floor among scattered letters. Maria Carolina was the last surviving child of Empress Maria Theresa. Maria Carolina was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. Her parents and most of her siblings are also buried there.
Тақырыбы
Мария Каролина Австрияның балалары Фердинанд IV Неаполь атынан
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Ата-анасы: Мария Каролинаның балалары
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Тереза Каролина Джузеппина
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 6 маусым 1772
Гофбург патша сарайы, 13 сәуір 1807
Анасының әжесі Мария Тереза Австрияның есімімен аталған, ол 1790 жылы өзінің екі есе бірінші туысы Франциск II-ге, Киелі Рим императорына үйленді; олардың арасында Австрия императоры Фердинанд I, Австрияның эрцгерцогы Карл Франц және Италияның королевасы Мария Луиза болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Луиза Амелия Тереза
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 27 шілде 1773
Гофбург патша сарайы, 19 қыркүйек 1802
Тосканның Ұлы герцогы Фердинанд III-ге үйленді.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Карло Тито Франческо Джузеппе
Казерта сарайы, 6 қаңтар 1775
Казерта сарайы, 17 желтоқсан 1778
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Анна Джузеппа Антониетта Франческа Гаэтана Тереза
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 23 қараша 1775
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 22 ақпан 1780
Шел ауруынан қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Франческо Дженнаро Джузеппе Саверио Джованни Баттиста
Наполи, 14 тамыз 1777
Наполи, 8 қараша 1830
1797 жылы Австрияның Архигерцогинясы Мария Клементинамен үйленді және ұрпақ тапты; 1802 жылы Испанияның тағы бір бірінші туысы Инфанта Мария Изабелламен үйленді және ұрпақ тапты; 1825 жылдан 1830 жылға дейін Екі Сицилияның патшасы болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Кристина Тереза
Казерта сарайы, 17 қаңтар 1779
Савона, 11 наурыз 1849
1807 жылы Сардинияның Карл Феликспен үйленді; ұрпағы болмады; Тускулумның қазбаларын тапсырған ол еді.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Геннаро Карло Франческо
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 12 сәуір 1780
Казерта сарайы, 2 қаңтар 1789
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Джузеппе Карло Дженнаро
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 18 маусым 1781
Казерта сарайы, 19 ақпан 1783
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Амелия Тереза
Казерта сарайы, 26 сәуір 1782
Клармонт үйі, 24 наурыз 1866
1809 жылы Орлеан герцогы Луи Филипп д'Орлеанға үйленді және ұрпақ тапты; Француз королевасы 1830–1848; Англияда жер аударылу кезінде қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Каролина
Казерта сарайы, 19 шілде 1783
Казерта сарайы, 19 шілде 1783
Денесі жетілмей қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Антониетта Тереза Амелия Джованна Баттиста Франческа Гаэтана Мария Анна Люсия
Казерта сарайы, 14 желтоқсан 1784
Аранжуэз патша сарайы, 21 мамыр 1806
Астурияның князі Фердинанд Инфантемен үйленді; туберкулезден қайтыс болды; ұрпағы болмады.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Клотильда Тереза Амелия Антониетта Джованна Баттиста Анна Гаэтана Полхерия
Казерта сарайы, 18 ақпан 1786
Казерта сарайы, 10 қыркүйек 1792
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Энрихета Кармела
Неапольдің Корольдік сарайы, 31 шілде 1787
Казерта сарайы, 20 қыркүйек 1792
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Карло Дженнаро
Неаполь, 26 тамыз 1788
Казерта сарайы, 1 ақпан 1789
Шел сәлдеден қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Леопольдо Джованни Джузеппе Микеле
Неаполь, 2 шілде 1790
Неаполь, 10 наурыз 1851
Австрияның Архигерцогинясы Клементинамен үйленді және ұрпақ тапты.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Альберто Лодовико Мария Филиппо Гаэтано
Неапольдің патша сарайы, 2 мамыр 1792
Кемеде қайтыс болды, 25 желтоқсан 1798
Балалық шағында қайтыс болды (кемеде шаршаудан қайтыс болды).
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.
Мария Изабелла
Неаполь, 2 желтоқсан 1793
Неаполь, 23 сәуір 1801
Бала кезінде қайтыс болды.
Children of Maria Carolina of Austria by Ferdinand IV of NaplesNamePictureBirthDeathNotesMaria Teresa Carolina GiuseppinaRoyal Palace of Naples, 6 June 1772Hofburg Imperial Palace, 13 April 1807Named after her maternal grand mother Maria Theresa of Austria, she married her double first cousin Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1790; had issue, among them Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, the Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Marie Louise, Empress of the French and Queen of Italy. Maria Luisa Amelia TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 27 July 1773Hofburg Imperial Palace, 19 September 1802Married her double first cousin Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and had issue. Carlo Tito Francesco GiuseppeCaserta Palace, 6 January 1775Caserta Palace, 17 December 1778Died of smallpox. Maria Anna Giuseppa Antonietta Francesca Gaetana TeresaRoyal Palace of Naples, 23 November 1775Royal Palace of Naples, 22 February 1780Died of smallpox. Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni BattistaNaples, 14 August 1777Naples, 8 November 1830Married his double first cousin Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria in 1797 and had issue; married another first cousin Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain in 1802 and had issue; was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. Maria Cristina TeresaCaserta Palace, 17 January 1779Savona, 11 March 1849Married Charles Felix of Sardinia in 1807; had no issue; it was she who ordered the excavations of Tusculum. Gennaro Carlo FrancescoRoyal Palace of Naples, 12 April 1780Caserta Palace, 2 January 1789Died of smallpox. Giuseppe Carlo GennaroRoyal Palace of Naples, 18 June 1781Caserta Palace, 19 February 1783Died of smallpox. Maria Amelia TeresaCaserta Palace, 26 April 1782Claremont House, 24 March 1866Married Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in 1809 and had issue; Queen of the French 1830–1848; died in exile in England. Maria Carolina Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Caserta Palace, 19 July 1783Stillborn. Maria Antonietta Teresa Amelia Giovanna Battista Francesca Gaetana Maria Anna LuciaCaserta Palace, 14 December 1784Royal Palace of Aranjuez, 21 May 1806Married her cousin Infante Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias; died from tuberculosis; had no issue. Maria Clotilde Teresa Amelia Antonietta Giovanna Battista Anna Gaetana Polcheria Caserta Palace, 18 February 1786Caserta Palace, 10 September 1792Died of smallpox. Maria Enricheta Carmela Royal Palace of Naples, 31 July 1787Caserta Palace, 20 September 1792Died of smallpox. Carlo Gennaro Naples, 26 August 1788Caserta Palace, 1 February 1789Died of smallpox. Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Michele of NaplesNaples, 2 July 1790Naples, 10 March 1851Married his niece Archduchess Clementina of Austria and had issue. Alberto Lodovico Maria Filipo GaetanoRoyal Palace of Naples, 2 May 1792Died on board , 25 December 1798Died in childhood (died of exhaustion on board ). Maria IsabellaNaples, 2 December 1793Naples, 23 April 1801Died in childhood.