Катар реалының тарихы мен айналымы

Currency of Qatar

The Qatari riyal (sign: QR in Latin, ر.ق in Arabic; ISO code: QAR) is the currency of the State of Qatar. It is divided into 100 dirhams (درهم).

Until 1966, Qatar used the Indian rupee as its currency, in the form of Gulf rupees. When India devalued the rupee in 1966, Qatar, along with the other states using the Gulf rupee, chose to introduce its own currency. Before doing so, Qatar briefly adopted the Saudi riyal, then introduced the Qatar and Dubai riyal following the signing of the Qatar Dubai Currency Agreement on 21 March 1966. The Saudi riyal was worth 1.065 Gulf rupees, whilst the Qatar and Dubai riyal was equal to the Gulf rupee prior to its devaluation. Initially pegged with sterling at one shilling and six pence (1s. 6d.) per riyal, its value was changed to one shilling and nine pence (1s. 9d.) when sterling was devalued in 1967, maintaining its value in relation to gold. Following Dubai's entry into the United Arab Emirates, Qatar began issuing the Qatari riyal separate from Dubai on 19 May 1973. The old notes continued to circulate in parallel for 90 days, at which time they were withdrawn. For a wider history surrounding currency in the region, see the history of British currency in the Middle East.

In 1966, coins were introduced in the name of Qatar and Dubai for 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 dirhams. In 1973, a new series of coins was introduced in the same sizes and compositions as the earlier pieces but in the name of Qatar only. Only 25 and 50 dirham coins are now circulated, although smaller coins remain legal tender. Image Value Diameter Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse Year of Obverse Reverse first minted withdrawal 1 dirham 15 mm 1.4 g Copper clad Steel Smooth Mintage dates both the Gregorian and Lunar Hijri calendars on top, the Emblem of Qatar at the center, and the lettering: "دولة قطر" in the bottom. The lettering "ONE DIRHAM", below that is the value (Older versions use Eastern Arabic numerals while newer ones use Western Arabic numerals), below that is the lettering "درهم", and below that is the lettering "STATE OF QATAR" 1973 5 dirhams 22 mm 2.83 g Copper clad Steel Smooth Mintage dates in both the Gregorian and Lunar Hijri calendars on top, the Emblem of Qatar at the center, and the lettering: "دولة قطر" in the bottom. The lettering "FIVE DIRHAMS", below that is the value (Older versions use Eastern Arabic numerals while newer ones use Western Arabic numerals), below that is the lettering "دراهم", and below that is the lettering "STATE OF QATAR" 1973 10 dirhams 27 mm 7.52 g Copper clad Steel Smooth Mintage dates in both the Gregorian and Lunar Hijri calendars on top, the Emblem of Qatar at the center, and the lettering: "دولة قطر" in the bottom. The lettering "TEN DIRHAMS", below that is the value (Older versions use Eastern Arabic numerals while newer ones use Western Arabic numerals), below that is the lettering "دراهم", and below that is the lettering "STATE OF QATAR" 1973 25 dirhams 20 mm 3.2 g Nickel clad Steel Reeded Mintage dates in both the Gregorian and Lunar Hijri calendars on top, the Emblem of Qatar at the center, and the lettering: "دولة قطر" in the bottom. The lettering "TWENTY FIVE DIRHAMS", below that is the value (Older versions use Eastern Arabic numerals while newer ones use Western Arabic numerals), below that is the lettering "درهماً", and below that is the lettering "STATE OF QATAR" 1973 50 dirhams 25 mm 5.8 g Nickel clad Steel Reeded Mintage dates in both the Gregorian and Lunar Hijri calendars on top, the Emblem of Qatar at the center, and the lettering: "دولة قطر" in the bottom. The lettering "FIFTY DIRHAMS", below that is the value (Older versions use Eastern Arabic numerals while newer ones use Western Arabic numerals), below that is the lettering "درهماً", and below that is the lettering "STATE OF QATAR" 1973

The Qatari riyal is pegged to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate of US$1 = QR 3.64. This rate was enshrined into Qatari law by Royal Decree No.34 of 2001, signed by Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, on 9 July 2001. Article (1) states that the Qatari riyal exchange rate shall be pegged against the US dollar at QR 3.64, and sets upper and lower limits of QR 3.6415 and QR 3.6385 for the Qatar Central Bank's purchase and sale of dollars with banks operating in Qatar. Article (2) provides the Qatar Central Bank with the authority to determine the volume and the time of sale of US dollars and the associated conditions of such sales and payments. Article (3) cancels the earlier Royal Decree No.60 of 1975, by which the riyal was officially pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs).

In response to the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis, banks in the countries blockading Qatar had to stop trading with Qatari banks. This led to a fall in liquidity offshore and a move away from the fixed exchange rate outside of Qatar, with up to QR 3.81 being required to buy 1 US dollar in late June 2017, a situation that continued until December 2017. This also led to cessation of trading of Qatari banknotes outside of Qatar with certain banks in certain countries such as the UK. Within Qatar itself, however, the Central Bank of Qatar has continued to buy and sell US dollars at the fixed rate.