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The history of the Catholic Church is integral to the history of Christianity as a whole. It is also, according to church historian Mark A. Noll, the "world's oldest continuously functioning international institution." This article covers a period of just under two thousand years. Over time, schisms have disrupted the unity of Christianity. The Catholic Church considers that major divisions occurred in c. 144 with Marcionism, 318 with Arianism, 451 with the Oriental Orthodox, 1054 to 1449 (see East–West Schism) during which time the Orthodox Churches of the East parted ways with the Western Church over doctrinal issues (see the filioque) and papal primacy, and in 1517 with the Protestant Reformation, of which there were many divisions, resulting in over 200 denominations. The Catholic Church has been the driving force behind some of the major events of world history including the Christianization of Western and Central Europe and Latin America, the spreading of literacy and the foundation of the universities, hospitals, the Western tradition of monasticism, the development of art and music, literature, architecture, contributions to the scientific method, just war theory and trial by jury. It has played a powerful role in global affairs, including the Reconquista, the Crusades, the Inquisition, the Investiture Controversy, the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire, and the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe in the late 20th century.

4 BC: Nativity of Jesus. According to the Gospel of Luke, his birth occurred in the town of Bethlehem during the reigns of King Herod the Great of Judaea and the Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was the son of the Virgin Mary, who conceived him by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is the Divine Son of God incarnate or God the Son. The calculations of Dionysius Exiguus put the birth of Jesus in the year that in consequence is called 1 BC; most historians place his birth between 6 and 4 BC. 30 AD: Jesus' baptism, start of ministry, and selection of the Apostles. The Gospel of Luke indicates that Jesus was baptized during the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar which is dated in 29 AD (found in Luke 3:1,21,22). Christian Gospels strongly suggest Peter as leader and spokesman of the Apostles of Jesus, being mentioned the most number of times in the Gospels. Peter and the sons of Zebedee, James and John, constitute the inner circle of the Apostles of Jesus, being witnesses to specific important events of the life of Jesus: preachings of Jesus such as the Sermon on the Mount and performance of miracles mainly involving cures and driving out demons, inaugurating the Messianic Age. 33 AD: Peter declares and other followers believe Jesus of Nazareth to be the Jewish Messiah promised by Yahweh according to the Jewish Scriptures and the predictions of the Hebrew prophets. Entry into Jerusalem, start of Passion of Christ. Jesus of Nazareth is crucified in Jerusalem under Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea during the reign of Tiberius and Herod Antipas, after the Sanhedrin, under the High Priest Caiaphas, accuse Jesus of blasphemy. He was then crucified under Pontius Pilate. According to his followers, three days later, He rose from the dead. Forty days after his resurrection (Ascension), the Christian Gospels narrate that Jesus instructed His disciples thus: "All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of time." (Matthew 28:18–20). Ten days later (Pentecost) Peter makes the first sermon converting 3,000 to be baptized.

313: The Edict of Milan declares the Roman Empire neutral towards religious views, in effect ending the persecution of Christians. 318: Arius condemned and excommunicated by a council convened by Alexander, bishop of Alexandria. 321: Granting the church the right to hold property, Constantine donates the palace of the Laterani to Pope Miltiades. The Lateran Basilica (Basilica of Our Savior) becomes the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Rome. November 3, 324: Constantine lays the foundations of the new capital of the Roman Empire in Byzantium, later to be known as Constantinople. 323 Pope Sylvester I in his calendar lists Sunday (rather than the Jewish Saturday) as the first day of the week, names it "the Lord's day", and commands church members to keep it as a holy day. 325: The Arian controversy erupts in Alexandria, causing widespread violence and disruptions among Christians. 325: The First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, convened as a response to the Arian controversy, establishes the Nicene Creed, declaring the belief of orthodox Trinitarian Christians in the Trinity. November 18, 326: Pope Sylvester I consecrates the Basilica of St. Peter built by Constantine the Great over the tomb of the Apostle. 336: Date of the first recorded celebration of Christmas in Rome. 345: Pope Julius I officially sets the date of December 25 for the celebration of the Nativity or Christmas. 360: Julian the Apostate becomes the last non Christian Roman Emperor. February, 380: Emperor Theodosius I issues an edict, De Fide Catolica, in Thessalonica, published in Constantinople, declaring Catholic Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. 381: First Ecumenical Council of Constantinople. 382: The Council of Rome under Pope Damasus I sets the Canon of the Bible, listing the accepted books of the Old Testament and the New Testament. No others are to be considered scripture. July, 387: Ambrose, bishop of Milan, baptizes Augustine of Hippo, along with his son, Adeodatus, in Milan. 391: The Theodosian decrees outlaw most pagan rituals still practiced in Rome, thereby encouraging much of the population to convert to Christianity. 400: Jerome's Vulgate Latin Bible translation is published, declared "authentic" by the Council of Trent. This remained the standard text in the Catholic world until the Renaissance, and was standard in Catholic services until the Second Vatican Council. August 24, 410: Sack of Rome. Alaric and his Visigoths burst in by the Porta Salaria on the northeast of the city of Rome. 431: The Ecumenical Council of Ephesus declares that Jesus existed both as Man and God simultaneously, clarifying his status in the Holy Trinity. The meaning of the Nicene Creed is also declared a permanent holy text of the church. October 8, 451: Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon opens. November 1, 451: The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, closes. The Chalcedonian Creed is issued, which re asserts Jesus as True God and True Man and the dogma of the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God. The council excommunicates Eutyches, leading to the schism with Oriental Orthodoxy. 452: Pope Leo I (the Great) meets Attila the Hun and dissuades him from sacking Rome. 455: Sack of Rome by the Vandals. The spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem previously taken by Titus are allegedly among the treasures taken to Carthage. September 4, 476: Emperor Romulus Augustus is deposed in Rome, marked by many as the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The focus of the early Church switches to expanding in the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, with its capital at Constantinople.

480: Traditional birth of Benedict, author of a monastic rule, setting out regulations for the establishment of monasteries. 496: Clovis I pagan King of the Franks, converts to the Catholic faith. 502: Pope Symmachus ruled that laymen should no longer vote for the popes and that only higher clergy should be considered eligible. 529: The Codex Justinianus (Code of Justinian) completed. First part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law). January 2, 533: Mercurius becomes Pope John II. He becomes the first Successor of Peter to take a new name as pope. John II obtains valuable gifts as well as a profession of orthodox faith from the Byzantine emperor Justinian. 533: The Digest, or Pandects, was issued; second part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law). The Institutes, third part of Corpus Iuris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), comes into force of law. 536: Belisarius recaptures Rome. 553: Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople condemned the errors of Origen of Alexandria, the Three Chapters, and confirmed the first four general councils. 590: Pope Gregory the Great. Reforms ecclesiastical structure and administration. Establishes Gregorian chant. 595: In a deed of manumission that freed two Roman slaves, Pope Gregory I declared that no heathen who wished to become a Christian should continue to be held a slave. 596: Augustine of Canterbury sent by Pope Gregory I to evangelize the pagan English. 638: Christian Jerusalem and Syria conquered by Muslims. 642: Egypt falls to the Muslims, followed by the rest of North Africa. 664: The Synod of Whitby unites the Celtic Church in England with the Catholic Church. 680: Third Council of Constantinople puts an end to Monothelitism. 685: The Maradites used their power and importance to choose John Maron, one of their own, as Patriarch of Antioch and all the East. John received the approval of Pope Sergius I, and became the first Maronite Patriarch. 698: Willibrord commissioned by Pope Sergius I as bishop of the Frisians (Netherlands). Willibrord establishes a church in Utrecht. 711: Muslim armies invade Spain. 718: Boniface, an Englishman, commissioned by Pope Gregory II to evangelise the Germans. 726: Iconoclasm begins in the eastern Empire. The destruction of images persists until 843. 731: Venerable Bede, Benedictine monk and only English born Doctor of the Church (Anselm of Canterbury being Italian born), completes his Ecclesiastical History of the English People. 732: Muslim advance into Western Europe halted by Charles Martel at Poitiers, France. 751: Lombards abolish the Exarchate of Ravenna effectively ending last vestiges of Byzantine rule in central Italy and Rome. 756: Popes granted independent rule of Rome by King Pepin the Short of the Franks, in the Donation of Pepin. Birth of the Papal States. 787: Second Ecumenical Council of Nicaea resolved Iconoclasm. 793: Sacking of the monastery of Lindisfarne marks the beginning of Viking raids on Christian Europe.

December 25, 800: King Charlemagne of the Franks is crowned Holy Roman Emperor of the West by Pope Leo III in St. Peter's Basilica. 829: Ansgar begins missionary work in Sweden near Stockholm. 859: Pope Leo IV confirms and anoints Alfred the Great king of Wessex, according to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. 863: Cyril and Methodius sent by the Patriarch of Constantinople to evangelise the Slavic peoples. They translate the Bible into Slavonic. 869: Fourth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople condemns Photius. This council and succeeding general councils are denied by the Eastern Orthodox Churches. 910: Great Benedictine monastery of Cluny rejuvenates western monasticism. Monasteries spread throughout the isolated regions of Western Europe. 962: King Otto the Great of Germany (East Francia) was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII in St. Peter's Basilica. 966: Mieszko I of Poland converts to Catholicism, beginning the Baptism of Poland. 988: Vladimir I the Great is baptized; becomes the first Christian Grand Duke of Kiev. 1000/1001 Stephen I of Hungary becomes King of Hungary, He would later convert to Roman Catholicism becoming the Founder of the Catholic Church in Hungary.

1462: Pope Pius II issued a bill in which he declared the Catholic Church's opposition to the slave trade. The pope's primary concern was that prisoners captured during the European wars should not be enslaved by the victorious powers. 1492: Christopher Columbus reaches the Americas. 1493: With the Inter caetera, Pope Alexander VI awards sole colonial rights over most of the New World to Spain. 1495: Leonardo da Vinci started to paint The Last Supper. 1497: John Cabot lands in Newfoundland, Canada, to claim land for King Henry VII and to recognize the religious tradition of the Catholic Church. 1498: Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut, India. January 22, 1506: Kaspar von Silenen and first contingent of Swiss mercenaries enter the Vatican during the reign of Pope Julius II. Traditional date of founding of the Swiss Guards. April 18, 1506: Pope Julius II lays cornerstone of New Basilica of St. Peter. 1508: Michelangelo starts painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling. 1516: Sir Thomas More publishes Utopia in Latin. October 31, 1517: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences. 1520: Pope Leo X, release a Papal Bull, "Debitum Pastoralis" which conceded that neither the Bishop of Utrecht nor any of his successors, nor any of their clergy or laity, should ever have his cause taken to an external tribunal (Rome or anywhere else) for any reason. Any such proceeding would be null and void. January 3, 1521: Martin Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X in the bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. March 16, 1521: The Arrival of Ferdinand Magellan and the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines. March 31, 1521: Baptism of the first Catholics in the Philippines, the first Christian nation in Southeast Asia. This event is commemorated with the feast of the Santo Niño de Cebú. April 14, 1521: The Santo Niño de Cebú as gift by Hara Humamay (Juana) and Rajah Humabon to Ferdinand Magellan. October 17, 1521: Pope Leo X confers the title Fidei Defensor to Tudor King Henry VIII of England for his defense of the seven sacraments and the supremacy of the pope in Assertio Septem Sacramentorum against Protestantism. 1525: Arrival of the Spanish Catholic Missionaries in the Philippines. May 6, 1527: Sack of Rome. 1527: Bartolomé de las Casas, Dominican friar, begins working on his History of the Indies. 1531: Our Lady of Guadalupe appears to Juan Diego in Mexico. April 27, 1533: Juan de Zumárraga is consecrated first bishop of Mexico. August 15, 1534: Ignatius of Loyola and six others, including Francis Xavier, meet in Montmartre near Paris and form a group that would become the non monastic religious order the Society of Jesus. 1534: The Diocese of Goa is created by Portuguese missionaries to serve the Western Coast of India. October 30, 1534: English Parliament passes Act of Supremacy making the King of England Supreme Head of the Church of England, a national church canonically alienated from the bishop of Rome, the pope. The hegemony of one form of liturgy and order within the pre Reformation English church is eventually broken or altered among ecclesial fractions, notably Dissenters, Anglicans (Church of England) and Catholics. 1535: Michelangelo starts painting the Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel. 1536 To 1540: Dissolution of the Monasteries in England, Wales and Ireland. Public strangulation and burning at the stake of William Tyndale, Protestant Reformist. 1537: Pope Paul III issued a bull in which he declared the Catholic Church's opposition to the slave trade. The pope's concern was similar to the concerns of his predecessor, Pius II, that prisoners captured during European wars should not be enslaved by victorious powers. He also issued the bull Veritas Ipsa, which decreed that indigenous people in the Americas were not to be enslaved. December 17, 1538: Pope Paul III definitively excommunicates King Henry VIII of England in papal bull, Cum redemptor noster. 1540: Pope Paul III confirms the order of the Society of Jesus. 1541 The Archdiocese of Lima is founded as the diocese of Lima, Peru. July 21, 1542: Pope Paul III, with the Constitution Licet ab initio, establishes the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition. 1543: The Polish scientist cleric Nicolaus Copernicus publishes a full account of the heliocentric Copernican theory titled, "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres" (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium). Considered as the start of the scientific revolution. December 13, 1545: Ecumenical Council of Trent convened during the pontificate of Paul III, to prepare the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation. Its rulings set the Counter Reformation tone of Catholic Church for four centuries until the Second Vatican Council (1962 1965). July 27, 1549: Francis Xavier reaches Japan and goes ashore at Kagoshima, August 15. 1551: The first diocese of Brazil is created with a Portuguese appointed bishop reaching Bahia, Brazil, a year later. 1562: Palestrina finishes Missa Papae Marcelli. December 4, 1563: Ecumenical Council of Trent closed. The decrees were confirmed on January 26, 1564, by Pius IV in the Bull Benedictus Deus. April 27, 1565: The Arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi and Augustinian Friars in the Philippines. April 28, 1565: The Finding of the Image of Santo Niño de Cebú in Cebu, Philippines. April 28, 1565: The Basilica Minore del Santo Niño is the first Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. 1568: John Chrysostom, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory Nazianzus, Athanasius of Alexandria and Thomas Aquinas are made Doctors of the Church. July 14, 1570: Pope Pius V issues the Apostolic Constitution on the Tridentine Mass, Quo Primum. January 24, 1571: Miguel López de Legazpi Conquers in Manila, Philippines with the zeal of Spanish Catholic Missionaries. May 19, 1571: Consecration of Nuestra Señora de Guia (Our Lady of Guidance) as "Sworn Patroness of Manila" in Manila, Philippines. June 24, 1571: Founding of San Agustin Church in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. October 7, 1571: Christian fleet of the Holy League defeats the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Lepanto. 1571: The French government of King Charles IX decreed that "all prisoners are free in this kingdom, as soon as a slave has reached these frontiers and becomes baptized, he is free." 1571: Founding of the Manila Cathedral in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines as "Church of Manila". 1577: Teresa of Ávila writes The Interior Castle, one of the classic works of Catholic mysticism. December 21, 1581: The construction of Manila Cathedral in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. February 24, 1582: Pope Gregory XIII issues the Bull Inter gravissimas reforming the Julian calendar. October 15, 1582: The Gregorian calendar is first adopted by Italy, Spain, Poland and Portugal. October 4 (Julian) is followed by October 15 (Gregorian) – ten days are removed. 1582: John of the Cross begins his Dark Night of the Soul, a classic works of Catholic mysticism. 1582: Matteo Ricci arrives at Macau to begin his missionary work in China. September 28, 1586: Domenico Fontana successfully finished re erecting the Vatican Obelisk at its present site in St. Peter's Square. Hailed as a great technical achievement of its time. 1589 91: William Byrd composed his Cantiones sacrae. His music, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, has "an intensity unrivaled in England and a breadth of scale unknown on the Continent." Byrd and his teacher, Thomas Tallis, though both Catholic, were allowed to compose and perform music during the reign of Elizabeth I. 1593: Robert Bellarmine finishes his Disputationes de controversiis christianae fidei. 1593: The Printing of Doctrina Christiana in Manila, Philippines. 1593 1596: Spanish Governor General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas commissioned the image of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of La Naval de Manila in Manila, Philippines. August 14, 1595: Canonical Erection of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila, Diocese of Nueva Segovia, Diocese of Nueva Cáceres and Diocese of Cebu in the Philippines. August 21, 1595: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila established in Manila, Philippines. 1596: The signing of the Union of Brest between the See of Rome and the Ruthenian Orthodox Church. 1598: Papal role in Peace of Vervins.

1600: Pope Clement VIII sanctions use of coffee despite petition by priests to ban the Muslim drink as "the devil's drink". The Pope tried a cup and declared it "so delicious that it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it. We shall cheat Satan by baptizing it." August 25, 1601: The Establishment of San Jose Seminary was known as El Colegio de San Jose de Manila in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. 1606: Arrival of the Black Nazarene in Manila, Philippines from Acapulco, Mexico, is the home of Minor Basilica and National Shrine of the Black Nazarene/Parish of Saint John the Baptist in Quiapo district. 1609: Francis de Sales publishes his Introduction to the Devout Life. Later, in 1616, he publishes the Treatise on the Love of God. 1610: Claudio Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine is performed. 1610: Apparition of Our Lady of Manaoag in Manaoag, Pangasinan, Philippines. 1611 1619, 1639: Apparition of Our Lady of Caysasay in Taal, Batangas, Philippines. April 28, 1611: University of Santo Tomas established in Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines and also known as Pontifical and Royal University. 1614: Tokugawa Ieyasu bans Christianity from Japan. 1618: The Arrival of the Image of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Manila, Philippines is the home of San Sebastian Church in Quiapo District. 1620: Colegio de San Juan de Letran established in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines. 1621: The Establishment of Cofradia de Jesus Nazareno in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines. April 19, 1622: Pope Gregory XV makes Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu a cardinal upon the nomination of King Louis XIII of France – becoming Cardinal Richelieu. His influence and policies greatly impact the course of European politics. March 25, 1626: The arrival of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage from Manila going to Antipolo, Rizal, Philippines is the home of Antipolo Cathedral. November 18, 1626: Pope Urban VIII solemnly dedicates the New Basilica of St. Peter 1,300 years after the first Constantinian basilica was consecrated by Pope Sylvester I.
October 24, 1632: The Establishment of Colegio de Santa Isabel in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines is the home of Santa Isabel College Manila in Ermita District. 1633: Trial of Galileo, after which he is sentenced to house arrest. 1637: Lorenzo Ruiz is a Filipino martyr of the Philippines and his companions martyred in Nishizuka Hill, Nagasaki, Japan. 1638: Shimabara Rebellion leads to a further repression of Catholics, and all Christians, in Japan. March 15, to October 4, 1646: Battles of La Naval de Manila off Manila Bay, Philippines, was fought between the Spanish and Dutch naval warships. 1653: The Coonan Cross Oath was taken by a group of Saint Thomas Christians against the Portuguese. 1667: The Apparition of Our Lady of Porta Vaga in Cavite City, Cavite, Philippines. 1671: Rose of Lima, Peruvian lay member of the Order of Preachers (Dominican order) and mystic, is canonized by Pope Clement IX. 1672: Pedro Calungsod of the Philippines and Diego Luis de San Vitores is the Spanish Jesuit Missionary martyred in Tumon, Guam. 1674: Quebec City, Canada, is elevated to a diocese with its own bishop, Francois de Montmorency Laval. At one time (1712), the Quebec diocese covered most of the American continent (French, English and Native American territories/colonies) to the Gulf of Mexico. No other Christian community, Catholic or otherwise, had a bishop in those territories at the time. September 12, 1683: Battle of Vienna. Decisive victory of the army of the Holy League, under King John III Sobieski of Poland, over the Ottoman Turks, under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. The Turks do not threaten Western Europe militarily again. 1685: Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes, and large numbers of Huguenot refugees leave France. 1687: John Dryden, dominant English literary figure and influence of his age, publishes The Hind and the Panther to celebrate his conversion to Catholicism. 1691: Pope Innocent XII declares against nepotism and simony.

March 5, 2000: Beatification of Pedro Calungsod by Pope John Paul II held at the Vatican is a second Filipino martyr of the Philippines. April 30, 2000: Pope John Paul II canonizes Faustina Kowalska and designates the Sunday after Easter as Divine Mercy Sunday in the General Roman Calendar, with effect from the following year. January 1, 2001: The 21st century and the new millennium begin. The church solemnizes the start of the third Christian millennium by extending into part of the year 2001 the jubilee year that it observes at 25 year intervals and that, in the case of the year 2000, is called the Great Jubilee. January 6, 2001: John Paul II issues Novo Millennio Ineunte, a program for the church in the new millennium, wherein he placed sanctity through a training in prayer as the most important priority of the Catholic Church in consonance with its purpose. January 18, 2002: Former American priest John Geoghan is convicted of child molestation and sentenced to ten years in prison, as part of the Catholic sex abuse scandal. The Geoghan case implicated Archbishop Cardinal Bernard Francis Law who resigned in December, and brought attention to the problem. January 25, to 26, 2003: 4th World Meeting of Families at Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines. 2004: Cambridge University Press publishes The Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar, a scholarly appraisal of his writings. April 2, 2005: Pope John Paul II dies at the age of 84. His funeral is broadcast worldwide and attended by millions in Rome. April 19, 2005: German born Cardinal Joseph Alois Ratzinger is elected by the College of Cardinals as Pope Benedict XVI, thus becoming the first Pope elected during the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. August 18, 2005: Pope Benedict XVI attends the World Youth Day in Cologne, Germany, his first trip outside Italy. January 9, 2006: The 400th Year Anniversary of the Translation of the Black Nazarene is held at Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines; it arrived from Acapulco, Mexico in 1606. September 12, 2006: Pope Benedict XVI delivers address on Faith, Reason and the University at the University of Regensburg, decrying the emphasis in the Western world on positivistic reason and philosophy, excluding the divine and dialogue with cultures. He quotes negative views of Emperor Manuel II Paleologus regarding Islam, creating violent reactions among Muslims in several parts of the world. June 11, 2007: Pope Benedict XVI reverted the decision of his predecessor regarding papal elections, and restored the traditional two thirds majority required. July 7, 2007: With his motu proprio Summorum Pontificum Pope Benedict XVI explicitly allows all priests of the Latin Church to use the 1962 Roman Missal when celebrating Mass privately and, under certain conditions, publicly instead of the post Vatican II Mass, and expressed the wish that this measure would lead to healing the division between the Society of Saint Pius X and the Catholic Church. October 28, 2007: Pope Benedict XVI authorizes the largest beatification ceremony in church history involving 498 Spanish Martyrs who were killed during the Civil War in Spain. 2007: Fifth Episcopal Conference of Latin America at Aparecida, Brazil. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio – later Pope Francis – served as secretary and helped draft the final document which emphasized what would also be a theme of his pontificate: serving the poor in the peripheries of society. August 13, 2007: The Launching of TV Maria are stationed in Manila, Philippines. May 2008: A solemn declaration agreed on between Pope Benedict XVI and Muslims, led by Mahdi Mostafavi, stressed that genuine religion is essentially non violent and that violence can be justified neither by reason nor by faith. July 2008: Pope Benedict XVI participates in Sydney, Australia, in the World Youth Day and announces Spain as the country to host the next one. January 2009: The Holy See remits the excommunications of the bishops of the Society of St. Pius X, which had had a schismatic relationship with the Catholic Magisterium. October 11, 2009: Father Damien, a Belgian priest known as the "Apostle of the Lepers", is canonized. November 20, to 27, 2009: The 5th Asian Youth Day in Imus City, Cavite, Philippines. April 19, to 22, 2010: The 1st Philippine Apostolic Congress on Mercy was held in the Philippines. October 17, 2010: Mary MacKillop, a nun of Scottish descent, is the first Australian born person to be canonized. Also canonized is Holy Cross lay brother, Andre Bessette of Montreal, Canada, whose efforts led to the building of Saint Joseph's Oratory, Montreal. October 21, 2012: Kateri Tekakwitha, Algonquin Mohawk laywoman known as the "Lily of the Mohawks", is canonized by Pope Benedict XVI. October 21, 2012: Pedro Calungsod, young layperson of the Archdiocese of Cebu, Philippines, is canonized by Pope Benedict XVI and becomes the Second Filipino saint and First Visayan. 2012: Hildegard of Bingen is made a Doctor of the Church. February 2013: Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI. March 2013: Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina elected as Pope Francis, the first Latin American and the first Jesuit to be elected Pope. May 12, 2013: Pope Francis canonizes over 800 Catholics that were killed by Turks in Otranto, 1480. With this he surpassed the record of John Paul II in canonizing the most saints in a pontificate. October 13, 2013: José María of Manila was beatified by Cardinal Angelo Amato in Tarragona, Spain and he became the Spanish Filipino Martyr. October 16–18, 2013: First Philippine Conference of New Evangelization by Manila Archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle at the Quadricentennial Pavilion of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in Manila for the video message of Pope Francis. January 15–19, 2015: Pope Francis visit to the Philippines, the fourth Papal Visit. February 2015: Charles Maung Bo and Soane Patita Mafi are the first cardinals from Myanmar and Tonga. May 2015: Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato si' (Praise be to you) drew attention to "our sin" of destroying the natural environment and met with Big Oil CEOs to drive home the message. May 23, 2015: Oscar Romero, the assassinated Archbishop of San Salvador, is beatified by Pope Francis. 2015: Beatification of the Three Martyrs of Chimbote, murdered in 1991 in Chimbote, Peru, by members of the communist guerrilla group, the Shining Path. April 12, 2015: on Divine Mercy Sunday, during a Mass for the centennial of the Armenian genocide at St. Peter's Basilica, Pope Francis officially proclaimed Gregory of Narek as Doctor of the Church in the presence of Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan, Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II, Catholicos of Cilicia Aram I, and Armenian Catholic Patriarch Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni. December 8, 2015 to November 20, 2016: In The Extraordinary Jubilee Year of Mercy proclaimed by Pope Francis, Rome received 21.3 million pilgrims, shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe received 22 million pilgrims, and World Youth Day in Kraków received 3 million pilgrims. According to archbishop Fisichella, president of Pontifical Council for New Evangelization, between 56% and 62% of all Catholics participated in the events while pilgrims in Rome mostly came from Germany, US, Poland, Spanish speaking countries and many from China, Chad, Rwanda, Nepal and Cook Islands. January 24–31, 2016: The 51st International Eucharistic Congress held in Cebu City, Philippines, by Papal Legate Charles Maung Bo of Myanmar. the second time in the Philippines since 1937. February 12, 2016: Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, meets Pope Francis at José Martí International Airport near Havana, Cuba. They sign a thirty point joint declaration addressing global issues including their hope for re–establishment of full unity, the persecution of Christians in the Middle East, the Syrian Civil War, and church organisation in Ukraine. This was the first meeting between a pope and a Russian Orthodox patriarch. July 26, 2016: French priest Jacques Hamel is murdered in the parish of Saint Etienne du Rouvray by two extremists who pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The Diocese of Rouen has opened his cause for canonization. January 16, to 20, 2017: The 4th World Apostolic Congress on Mercy was held in Manila, Philippines. November 2, 2017: Pope Francis suggests recruiting "proven" married men to become priests for dioceses in the Roman/Latin/Western Church where there are few priests (as do the Eastern Catholic Churches). May 13, 2017: Pope Francis canonizes Francisco and Jacinta Marto, witnesses to the Marian apparitions at Fatima, Portugal. December 18, 2017: Pope Francis named priest communicator Patrick Peyton venerable. Peyton founded the international Family Rosary Crusade and Family Theater. March 19, 2018: In his apostolic exhortation Gaudete et exsultate (Rejoice and Be Glad), Pope Francis picks up on a theme of Vatican II, explaining that all are called to the same perfection of virtue. May 18, 2018: Bishops of Chile offer their resignations to Pope Francis owing to criminal negligence in dealing with child sexual abuse among some clerics. Francis accepts the resignations of bishops and cardinals in other countries for similar reasons. Francis faces a far worse crisis among clergy—child abuse and lack of effective episcopal oversight. August 2, 2018: Pope Francis declares the death penalty is unacceptable in all cases, as an attack on human dignity. December 17, 2018: The Holy See recognizes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. July 1, 2019: The canonization of John Henry Newman authorized and the date set for October 13, 2019. July 2, 2019: it was announced that Pope Francis had transferred the nine bone fragments of St, Peter which were displayed during the 'Year of Faith' Mass, to Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople. Bartholomew, who serves as head of the Eastern Orthodox Christian church, described the gesture as “brave and bold.”
July 5, 2019: Pope Francis says the Russian Orthodox Church is attempting to manipulate other religions (denominations) in Ukraine. September 17, 2019: Pope Francis lunch together with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I at Domus Sanctae Marthae. October 5, 2019: Pope Francis appoints 13 new cardinals during a ceremony at the Vatican. October 6, 2019: The Synod of Bishops for the Pan Amazon region begins. October 10, 2019: The Episcopal Conference of Poland has agreed to begin the canonization process for the parents of John Paul II. December 15, 2019: First Papal Celebration of Simbang Gabi was held at Vatican City by Pope Francis among the Filipino Catholic Communities. May 01, 2020: Luis Antonio Tagle of the Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Manila as the First Filipino Cardinal Bishop. 2021: The Philippines was celebrated by the 500th Year Anniversary of the Arrival of the Christianity since 1521 in Cebu City was arrival of the Spanish Colonizers and the commemoration of Santo Niño de Cebú under the Quincentennial Celebrations.