Кеңес үкіметіне қарсы науқан мен насихат қылмысы

Criminal offense against the Marxist Leninist Eurasian state
Anti Soviet agitation and propaganda (ASA) (антисове́тская агита́ция и пропага́нда (АСА)) was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union. Initially, the term was interchangeably used with counter revolutionary agitation. The latter term was in use immediately after the October Revolution of 1917. The offence was codified in criminal law in the 1920s, and revised in the 1950s in two articles of the Russian SFSR Criminal Code. The offence was widely used against Soviet dissidents.

The new Criminal Codes of the 1920s introduced the offence of anti Soviet agitation and propaganda as one of the many forms of counter revolutionary activity grouped together under Article 58 of the Russian RSFSR Penal Code. The article was put in force on 25 February 1927 and remained in force throughout the period of Stalinism. Article 58:10, "propaganda and agitation that called to overturn or undermining of the Soviet regime", was punishable with at least 6 months of imprisonment, up to and including the death sentence in periods of war or unrest. As applied under during Stalin's rule, the phrase in practice could mean virtually anything that a State security interrogator or informant wanted it to mean; consequently, the charge became an exceedingly potent weapon in political or personal quarrels and intrigues.

Shortly after the Sinyavsky Daniel show trial, the Soviet Penal Code was augmented with Article 190–1, Dissemination of knowingly false fabrications that defame the Soviet state and social system (1966), which was a weaker version of Article 70. It basically repeated the Article 70, with the omitted provision of the "anti Soviet purpose". The penalty was lower: up to three years of imprisonment. Anti Soviet political behavior, in particular, being outspoken in opposition to the authorities, demonstrating for reform, and writing books, were defined in some persons as being simultaneously a criminal act (e. g., violation of Articles 70 or 190–1), a symptom (e. g., "delusion of reformism"), and a diagnosis (e. g., "sluggish schizophrenia"). The 70th and 190th Articles of the Criminal Code concerning "slanderous fabrications that discredited the Soviet system" and "anti Soviet agitation and propaganda" served as the formal basis to sentence Vladimir Bukovsky, Pyotr Grigorenko, Valeria Novodvorskaya, Zhores Medvedev, Andrei Amalrik and many dissidents to months and sometimes years of indefinite confinement in psychiatric institutions. On 19 February 1986, nuclear physicist and dissident Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov in his letter to Mikhail Gorbachev wrote, "application by courts of Articles 70 and 190 1 is pronounced persecution for beliefs." In 1990, a year before the very end of the Soviet regime, "anti Soviet agitation and propaganda" was excluded from the Russian SFSR Criminal Code after the three decades of its application.

In April 1989, Article 70 was reformulated as part of a series of statutory changes made under perestroika. It was more strictly formulated and became explicitly related to violent actions. The terms "anti Soviet agitation and propaganda" were replaced by "public appeals", "subversion" (podryv, подрыв) and "overthrow" (sverzheniye, свержение). In October 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian law retained an offense of "public appeals to alter the constitutional order by force or to seize power, as well as the largescale distribution of material with such content", punishable by detention for a period of up to three years or a fine of twenty monthly minimum wages. In the new Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, effective from 1 January 1997, the offence of "anti Soviet propaganda" has no parallel. More recently, a retrogressive trend in amendments to existing laws led attorney Henri Reznik to raise the alarm about the appearance of the phrase "anti Russian" in certain legislative proposals.