Хучжоу қаласы: географиясы, тарихы және экономикасы

Prefecture level city in Zhejiang, China

Huzhou (, ; Huzhou dialect: ghou² cieu¹) is a prefecture level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,367,579 inhabitants, of whom 1,015,937 lived in the built up (or metro) area made of Wuxing District as Nanxun District is not being conurbated yet.

Huzhou, in its general aspect, is in the center of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Area, with the city center south of the Chinese third largest freshwater lake Lake Tai. There are transportation links to the provincial capital of Hangzhou away in the south, Jiangsu and Anhui province in the west, and the metropolitan municipality of Shanghai to the northeast. Flowing quietly through the city is the Changxing Huzhou Shanghai Channel, it is also referred to as the "Eastern Rhine River" for the continuous barge transportation that goes on similarly in the more internationally known Rhine River in Germany. The State Way 318 passes through Huzhou in an east–west direction and the State Way 104 in a north–south direction; the Nanjing Huzhou Hangzhou toll expressway and Shanghai Jiangsu Zhejiang Anhui toll expressway offers convenient access to major areas in the region. The Express Xuancheng–Hangzhou Railway Station is located west of the city center. This railway line is part of the "secondary tunnel" in eastern China.

248 BC, Gucheng County (菰城縣) was set up by the State of Chu. 222 BC, Qin dynasty, Wucheng County (烏程縣) was set up. 266, Kingdom of Wu, set Wuxing Shire (吳興郡), its administrative area including the modern Huzhou prefecture city and Hangzhou, Yixing in modern day Jiangsu. 602, Sui dynasty, changed the name of Wuxing to Huzhou (湖州). During the Tang dynasty, Huzhou administered 5 counties: Wucheng (烏程), Wukang (武康), Changxing, Anji, and Deqing. At the beginning of the Song dynasty, Gui'an county (歸安縣) was divided from the Wucheng county. During the Qing dynasty, Huzhou administered 7 counties: Wucheng, Guo'an, Wukang, Deqing, Changxing, Anji, and Xiaofeng. 1949, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Huzhou town became the seat of government of the First Special District of Zhejiang, administrative area including the modern Huzhou and Jiaxing prefecture cities. 1983, Huzhou prefecture level city was set up.

Huzhou has a typical subtropical monsoon climate in Jiangsu South. Summers are hot, winters are mild, and there are four distinct seasons with abundant rainfall. The average annual temperature is 16.3 degrees Celsius and the total annual precipitation is 1303.4 mm.

According to the seventh census data, as of midnight on November 1, 2020, the city's permanent population was 336,7579. At the end of 2011, Huzhou had a registered population of 2,611,700, of which 1,31,700 were men and 1,38,800 were women; 851,700 were non farmers, up 22,700 from the previous year; and 511,200 were over 60. For the whole year, the birth rate was 7.96 per thousand, the death rate was 6.79 per thousand, the natural growth rate was 1.17 per thousand and the family planning rate was 98.08 per cent. According to the sixth national census in 2010, the city's resident population stood at 2893,542, an increase of 267,753 or 10.20 percent over the fifth national census, with an average annual growth rate of 0.98 percent. Of these, the male population was 1470,472, or 50.82 per cent, and the female population was 1423,070, or 49.18 per cent. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females) is 103.33. The population aged 0–14 years is 337,688, or 11.67 per cent; the population aged 15–59 years is 2086,891, or 72.12 per cent; and the population aged 60 years and over is 468,963, or 16.21 per cent; of the population aged 65 years and over is 3150,37 or 10.89 per cent. The population living in urban areas is 1530,418, or 52.89 per cent, and the population living in rural areas is 1,363,124, or 47.11 per cent.

Huzhou is known as the City of Silk, is one of the Four Capital cities of Silk in China. Textiles (especially silk), building materials and agriculture. In 2022, Huzhou will achieve a regional gross domestic product of 385.0 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3 percent over the previous year. The value added structure of tertiary industries was 4.2:51.1:44.7. The per capita GDP of the resident population was 112,902, an increase of 2.7 per cent. Huzhou is one of the 14 key cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which has been opened to the outside world for development and development. In 2019, Huzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) stood at 312.24 billion yuan, up 7.9% from the previous year at comparable prices, exceeding the province's target of 8% set at the beginning of the year. Of this total, the value added of primary industries rose 2.8 percent to 13.38 billion yuan, the value added of secondary industries rose 7.6 percent to 159.54 billion yuan, and the value added of tertiary industries rose 8.7 percent to 139.32 billion yuan. The value added structure of tertiary industries was 4.3:51.1:44.6 and the proportion of tertiary industries was 0.8 percentage points higher than the previous year. GDP per capita is 102,593 yuan, or 14,900 dollars. Total fiscal revenue was 17.235 billion yuan, of which local revenue was 9.727 billion yuan, up 17.5 percent and 21.6 percent respectively over the previous year. Total fiscal revenue as a share of GDP is 13.2%.

Huzhou is headquarters of the 1st Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Nanjing Military Region responsible for the defense of China's eastern coast.

Huzhou is served by Huzhou railway station, situated to the west of the city. Both conventional and high speed trains stop at the station.

Huzhou has unique scenery, the style of small bridges and flowing water in the east, and the charm of mountain meadows in the western Chinese bamboo township. It has given birth to six tourism brands: "Taihu Lake, Bamboo Township, Famous Mountain, Wetland, Mansion Gate, and Paleoecology". Feiying Pagoda in the central urban area has become a national key cultural relic protection unit with a tower within a tower; The Iron Guanyin in the Iron Buddha Temple is famous overseas for the reputation of the Venus of the East. The eight scenery of Wuxing on the outskirts of the city is still beautiful. Nanxun Ancient Town is a famous town in Jiangnan, and there are many scenic spots in the town, such as Jiayetang Library Building, Baijian Building, Zhang Shiming's Former Residence, Xiaolian Zhuang and so on. Anji, China's bamboo township, Longwang Mountain at the source of the Huangpu River, Tianhuangping Pumped Storage Power Station, a national industrial tourism demonstration point, and the China Bamboo Expo Park, which has the largest area and complete bamboo species in China, seem to be a green corridor in the Yangtze River Delta, accompanied by the pure melody of bamboo music, showing tourists the tourism positioning of "green ecology"; Deqing Moganshan, a national scenic spot in the cool world, is known as China's four major summer resorts together with Lushan, Beidaihe and Jigongshan. Xiazhu Lake in Deqing is the largest wetland scenic area in Jiangnan, which is a newly developed natural ecological scenic spot; Jiangnan Mansion Gate Nanxun, with the connotation of world cultural heritage, has become a symbol of the ancient town of water town together with the thousand year old town of Deqing. Located at the junction of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, Changxing has become a witness of paleoecology with its ten mile ancient ginkgo corridor, "living fossil" Yangzi crocodile, golden nails from the second glacial period site and Tang Dynasty tribute tea purple shoot tea.