Марко Травальо: Итальян журналисі, жазушы және саяси комментатор

Italian journalist and writer (born 1964)

Marco Travaglio (; born 13 October 1964) is an Italian journalist, writer, and pundit. Since 2015, he has been the editor in chief of the independent daily newspaper Il Fatto Quotidiano. Travaglio began his journalistic career in the late 1980s under Indro Montanelli at Il Giornale and La Voce, then in the 2000s worked at La Repubblica and L'Unità, before becoming one of the founders of Il Fatto Quotidiano in 2009. He is also the author of many books and a columnist for several other national newspapers and magazines, his main interests have been judicial reporting and current affairs and politics, dealing with issues ranging from the fight against the Italian Mafia to corruption. An early critic of Silvio Berlusconi, Travaglio became one of the leading voices of anti Berlusconism. Politically, he has described himself as a liberal, in the mold of Montanelli, and as being closer to the political right than the political left but that his criticism of Berlusconi found him asylum on the Left. He praised right wing politicians, such as Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, and said he belongs to the liberal Right of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Luigi Einaudi, Alcide De Gasperi, and Montanelli. He said he voted for those who had the best chance to remove Berlusconi from power and for anti corruption parties, such as Italy of Values and Civil Revolution. Since the early 2010s, he has been politically close to and supportive of the Five Star Movement.

Travaglio was born in Turin, Italy, the son of a Turinese surveyor who was a train designer at Fiat Ferroviaria; his brother, Franco Travaglio, is an author, director, and librettist of modern musicals. After having obtained his classical high school diploma at the Liceo salesiano Valsalice in Turin with a score of 58/60, he graduated in modern literature with a thesis on contemporary history at the University of Turin at the age of 32, after becoming a professional journalist in 1986. In the late 1980s, Travaglio began to pursue journalism as a career, and he started out writing for Catholic publications, such as Il nostro tempo ("Our Time"), where he met Mario Giordano. He then worked under the renowned journalist Indro Montanelli for newspapers like Il Giornale (1987–1994) and La Voce (1994–1995), During this period, Travaglio began to collaborate with Enzo Biagi, who hosted the television program Il Fatto. After the closure of La Voce, this activity was joined by collaboration with various newspapers and periodicals. He became editor in chief of the paper in 2015. Since 2018, he has edited a weekly column called "Balle Spaziali" on the Loft web portal of Il Fatto Quotidiano. Political and judicial events of national importance, from Mani pulite to the troubles of controversial political figure Silvio Berlusconi, have been Travaglio's main area of interest. As a journalist, he gained public attention in 2001 after participating in a TV show on the state owned national channel Rai 2 called Satyricon (programma televisivo) and hosted by Daniele Luttazzi. He then introduced his bestseller book L'odore dei soldi ("The Scent of Money", co authored by Elio Veltri), which investigates the origin of Berlusconi's early fortunes. Berlusconi filed a lawsuit for slander; since the information was accurate and well documented, he was condemned to pay the legal expenses. The show, which aired during the campaign for the 2001 Italian general election, was heavily criticized by Berlusconi and his party, and labelled by them as a politically motivated, non objective personal attack. After his victory in the general election, Berlusconi banned Luttazzi (together with Enzo Biagi and Michele Santoro, two prominent journalists who had criticized Berlusconi or investigated his history) from state owned TV shows (the editto bulgaro), causing a long debate about freedom of information and censorship in Italy. On 10 May 2008, Travaglio commented on Renato Schifani's election as president of the Senate of the Republic that one should "simply ask of the second highest office of the state to explain those relationships with those men who have subsequently been condemned for association with the Mafia" on the RAI current affairs talk show television program Che tempo che fa. The statement of Travaglio resulted in fierce negative reactions from Italian politicians, including from the Italian centre left, except for Antonio Di Pietro, who said that Travaglio was "merely doing his job". Some called for chief executives at RAI to be dismissed. Grillo supported Travaglio, while Schifani announced he would go to court and sue Travaglio for slander. Schifani said Travaglio's accusation was based on "inconsistent or manipulated facts, not even worthy of generating suspicions", adding that "someone wants to undermine the dialogue between the government and the opposition". In February 2009, the German Association of Journalists assigned Travaglio its annual award for Freedom of the Press, describing him as a "brave and critical colleague exposing continually the attempts of Italian politicians, especially Silvio Berlusconi, to influence the media to their advantage and to negate critical reports." Since his rise to prominence, Travaglio has been a polarizing and at times controversial figure. Of Travaglio, Grillo said in October 2007 that he wanted him as the Italian Minister of Justice. Of the oppositive view was Fausto Bertinotti, then leader of the Communist Refoundation Party, who said that Travaglio was distant from his way of thinking, methods, and polemics, including what he described as Travaglio's justicialism (giustizialismo) compared to his cultural garantismo, and in October 2005 had joked that hearing his name gave him hives. In 2005, former Italian president Francesco Cossiga described Travaglio as "a dirty, right wing fascist", while Pier Ferdinando Casini, the then president of the Chamber of Deputies, joked in 2006 that Travaglio would become jobless if Berlusconi were to die.

Travaglio considers himself as having always been a liberal or, in his own words, "liberal Montanellian". During his 2001 interview given to Daniele Luttazzi in the television program Satyricon, he said he was a liberal ("a pupil of Montanelli") who found asylum in the Left without identifying himself as leftist. In 2010, he confirmed such statements, saying he has ideas closer to positions that in other countries are normally represented by the Right. A Catholic, he has been described as coming from the Catholic right. In a letter sent to Il Giornale in 2007, he referred to himself as an anti communist Catholic. In a 2008 interview given to it contained in the book Il rompiballe, Travaglio said: "In France I would vote with closed eyes for a Chirac, a Villepin. I would surely vote for Merkel. I liked very much Reagan and Thatcher." In Il rompiballe, he described Giorgia Meloni, a right wing politician and future prime minister of Italy, as "fantastic, very good", and "committed, enthusiastic, competent", while of Roberto Maroni, a minister in Berlusconi's government, he said that he was "a decent minister". Travaglio concluded that "my Right doesn't exist. It's imaginary. It's the liberal Right. Cavour, Einaudi, De Gasperi, Montanelli. All dead." During Rai 2's television program Dodicesimo round, Travaglio stated that in the 2006 Italian general election he had voted on the Senate "without holding my nose for the first time" because, in his own words, "Italy of Values made me the gift of candidating a person that I esteem and that has honored me of her friendship, Franca Rame." On 29 March 2008, Antonio Di Pietro's blog published an article by Travaglio in which he publicly expressed his vote for Italy of Values for the 2008 Italian general election and confirmed his liberal leanings, adding that he was still "waiting for a new Einaudi or a new De Gasperi". On 5 June 2009, on the eve of the 2009 European Parliament election in Italy, he stated he would vote for Italy of Values because he was satisfied with its way of opposing the fourth Berlusconi government. Interviewed by it on 22 March 2011 on the television programme Niente di personale on La7, Travaglio revealed that in the 1996 Italian general election he had voted for Lega Nord in one of the two legislative chambers and for Romano Prodi's The Olive Tree in the other chamber. He explained his vote for Lega Nord as the fulfillment of a promise he had made to himself after leaving Il Giornale in 1994: he would have voted for whoever would throw down Berlusconi. For the 2013 Italian general election, in an article published on MicroMega and also in the La7 television programs Servizio pubblico (programma televisivo) by Michele Santoro and Otto e mezzo (programma televisivo) by Lilli Gruber, he announced his vote for Civil Revolution in the Chamber of Deputies and the Five Star Movement in the Senate. For the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum about the Renzi–Boschi reform, Travaglio supported the "No" campaign and wrote a book against the reform. On the 8 March 2018 episode of Otto e mezzo, Travaglio stated that he had voted for the Five Star Movement in the 2018 Italian general election. For the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum about the reduction of the number of MPs, Travaglio supported the "Yes". In February 2022, Travaglio called the news of an impending Russian invasion of Ukraine an "American fake news", doing so even the day before the invasion started, which resulted in criticism, as well as being listed among denialists of the invasion. He is a leading critic of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and his stances have been criticized as anti Ukraine and pro Vladimir Putin. His newspaper's reporting on the war has been seen as so pro Russia that the Russian embassy has praised and retweeted it. In June 2023, upon the death and state funeral of Berlusconi, Travaglio was critical towards what he perceived as a beatification of the deceased leader, citing his multiple scandals.