Уэльстің солтүстігіндегі Чирк қамалының тарихы

Castle in north east Wales, built in 1295

Chirk Castle (Castell y Waun) is a Grade I listed castle located in Chirk, Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It is now owned and run by the National Trust.

The castle was built in 1295 by Roger Mortimer de Chirk, uncle of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March as part of King Edward I's chain of fortresses across the north of Wales. It guards the entrance to the Ceiriog Valley. It was the administrative centre for the Marcher Lordship of Chirkland. The castle was bought by Sir Thomas Myddelton in 1593 for £5,000 (approx. £11 million as of 2008). His son, Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle was a Parliamentarian during the English Civil War, but became a Royalist during the 'Cheshire rising' of 1659 led by George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer. Mullioned and transomed windows were inserted in the 16th and 17th centuries; the castle was partly demolished in the English Civil War and then rebuilt. Following the Restoration, his son became Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet of Chirke. The castle passed down in the Myddelton family to Charlotte Myddelton (on the death of her father in 1796). Charlotte had married Robert Biddulph, who changed his name to Robert Myddelton Biddulph, leaving the castle on his death to their son Robert. It then passed down in the Myddelton Biddulph family. From before World War I until after World War II the castle was leased by Thomas Scott Ellis, 8th Baron Howard de Walden, a prominent patron of the arts and champion of Welsh culture. In 1918 Chirk Castle was used as film location for Victory and Peace, directed by Herbert Brenon. The Baron opened up parts of the castle to evacuees during the later part of the Second World War. The Myddelton family returned to live at Chirk Castle until 2004. Lieutenant Colonel Ririd Myddleton was an extra equerry to Queen Elizabeth II from 1952 until his death in 1988. Chirk remained in the Myddelton family until it was transferred to the National Trust in 1981. The castle and gardens are open to the public between March and October, with limited opening dates in November and December. The castle is 1.5 mile (2 km) from Chirk railway station.

The property is notable for its gardens, with clipped yew hedges, herbaceous borders, rock gardens and terraces and surrounded by 18th century parkland. A panoramic view of the park by Thomas Badeslade, published in 1742, shows the resulting grand baroque layout of formal gardens and avenues. This included formal gardens to the east of the castle, with a walled outer courtyard and kitchen gardens to the north. Most of this layout was swept away by extensive landscaping in the 1760s and 70s, undertaken by William Emes, on behalf of Richard Myddelton, including the construction of a ha ha and the removal of the Davies gates to be re erected at the New Hall entrance. The earthwork was partly submerged by the creation of the lake. In 2018 and 2018 the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust excavated a section across Offa's Dyke here, and found substantial remains of the ditch and bank. The parkland landscape had partly been responsible for preserving the remains of the Dyke. The Oak at the Gate of the Dead lies 300 yards from Chirk Castle and marks the site of the 1165 Battle of Crogen. The castle was used as a special stage in the 2013 Wales Rally GB. The parks and gardens are listed as Grade I in the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.