Шаар Хагай: Тарихы мен маңызы

Sha'ar HaGai in Hebrew, a name literally translated from Bab al Wad or Bab al Wadi in Arabic (, باب الواد or باب الوادي), meaning Gate of the Valley, is a point on the Tel Aviv Jerusalem highway, 23 km from Jerusalem, where the road begins to ascend through a deep valley flanked by steep rocky slopes, of the intermittent נחל נחשון, or Wadi Ali in Arabic.

The Arabic name Bab al Wad, 'Gate of the Valley', was used in Hebrew as well, as seen in the 1948 song, until after the establishment of the State of Israel and the creation of the Hebrew name, Sha'ar HaGai, a verbatim translation of the Arabic name.

The Jaffa–Jerusalem road was initially made accessible for wheeled vehicles by the Ottomans in 1867, and since then served as the main highway to Jerusalem, favoured over more topographically convenient routes such as the one following the ridge north of it and known since biblical times as the "ascent of Beth Horon" (todays's Route 443). The journey from Jaffa to Jerusalem was reduced, thanks to this upgrade, from three to two days and Bab al Wad became the one place where travellers had to stop for the night. For this purpose, the Ottomans built there an inn or caravansary, used soon after, in 1869, the year of the inauguration of the Suez Canal, by travelling royalty taking a detour to Jerusalem such as Franz Joseph I of Austria Hungary, the future British king Edward VII and his brother in law the future German emperor Frederick III. The largest bell for the church of the Augusta Victoria Foundation, initiated by Wilhelm during his 1898 visit and built between 1907 and 1910, weighed six tonnes and required that the road be widened and paved.

After World War I, Todros Warshavsky, a Jew born in Jerusalem in 1877, leased the khan and moved there with his family, offering travelers light meals and care of animals.

During the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, this area saw fierce fighting between Arab forces and Jewish convoys on the way to blockaded West Jerusalem. Bab al Wad and the defile it guards changed hands between the Arab Liberation Army supported by local Arab irregulars, and Jewish Palmach and Haganah units, until April 20 1948, when the Arabs recaptured the heights around Bab al Wad closing off the Tel Aviv Jerusalem road.

From mid May 1948 on, the fort at Latrun, two kilometres west of Bab al Wad, was held by the Arab Legion, the British trained and commanded army of Transjordan, thus reinforcing the Arab siege of West Jerusalem. The Palmach's 10th (Harel) Brigade under the command of Lt. Col. Yitzhak Rabin, future prime minister of Israel, managed to capture Bab al Wad itself, but the road section west of it, controlled from Latrun, remained in Jordanian hands until 1967, cutting off this main access route to Jerusalem. In order to bypass the Arab held bottleneck, the Israelis constructed the so called Burma Road, named after the famous World War II road into China. This very steep bypass road was in use during the first, crucial part of the war, being replaced after six months by a longer but safer detour route.

After the 1967 Arab Israeli War, when the Latrun area was captured by Israel, the main Tel Aviv–Jerusalem highway was once again constructed on the shortest route past Latrun and Sha'ar HaGai. Today's already four lane wide Highway 1 is currently (2016) being widened due to increasing traffic, by further carving into the slopes of the Wadi Ali gorge.

Until the 2000s, the remains of armoured cars that belonged to Jewish convoys and were destroyed during the 1948 war were lining the route as a memorial to the war dead. Most of them were regular trucks with improvised armour made of two sheets of steel and a layer of wood in between, which led to them being called "sandwich trucks". Then they had to be relocated by the army to the two extremities of the gorge, where they have been secured against scrap metal thieves, conserved and displayed on the side of the highway.

In a park south of the main road is the , which commemorates Mahal, the ca. 4000 Jewish and non Jewish military volunteers who came from abroad to fight in Israel's War of Independence in 1947–48, of whom 119 lost their lives during the fighting.