Салина-Крус: Оахака штатының порты және тарихы

City in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico
the station

Salina Cruz is a major seaport on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is the state's fourth largest city and is the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name. It is part of the Tehuantepec District in the west of the Istmo Region. The city had a 2020 census population of 76,660, while its municipality, with an area of had a population of 84,438, the state's fifth largest municipality in population. The port was developed in the late 19th century due to its location at the southern terminus of the Tren Interoceánico, which carried freight across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

Salina Cruz was founded in 1522 by the Spanish, under whose command Pedro de Alvarado came. It was given the name "Salina de la Santa Cruz" as its official foundation day was the Catholic day of the holy cross. Salina Cruz is situated near the mouth of the Río Tehuantepec, on the open coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the Gulf of Tehuantepec, and has no natural harbour. There was only a small native village before Salina Cruz was chosen as the Pacific terminus of the Tehuantepec National Railway, whereupon a modern town was laid out and built on adjacent higher ground and an artificial harbour was built by the Mexican government to accommodate the expected traffic. The new port was opened to traffic in 1907 and in 1909 its population was largely composed of labourers. The harbour was formed by the construction of two breakwaters, the western 3260 feet (994 m) and the eastern 1900 feet (579 m) long, which curve toward each other at their outer extremities and leave an entrance 635 feet (194 m) wide. The enclosed space is divided into an outer and inner harbour by a double line of quays wide enough to carry six great warehouses with electric cranes on both sides and a number of railway tracks. Connected with the new port works was one of the then largest dry docks in the world 610 feet (186 m) long and 89 feet (27 m) wide, with a depth of 28 feet (9 m) on its sill at low water. The works were planned to handle an immense volume of transcontinental freight, and before they were finished four steamship lines had arranged regular calls at Salina Cruz.