Құстар коронавирусы: Инфекциялық бронхит вирусы және оның түрлері

Species of virus

Virusbox
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| parent = Igacovirus
| species = Avian coronavirus
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Avian infectious bronchitis virus
Infectious bronchitis virus
Turkey coronavirus The strain of avian coronavirus previously known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the only coronavirus that infects chickens. IBV affects the performance of both meat producing and egg producing chickens and is responsible for substantial economic loss within the poultry industry. or group 3, with a non segmented, positive sense single stranded RNA genome. It was previously the type species of its genus Igacovirus. When there was only one genus of coronaviruses, the genus Coronavirus, it was the type species of the group of all known coronaviruses.

When two strains of coronavirus IBV infect a host they may recombine during genome replication. Recombination appears to contribute to the genetic variation of the IBV genome found in nature.

When inhaled, virus will attach to glycoprotein receptors containing sialic acid on ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory epithelium. The respiratory replication will result in loss of ciliary activity, mucus accumulation, necrosis and desquamation, causing respiratory distress, râles and asphyxia. Local virus replication will result in viremia, spreading the infection into other tissues and organs. Other respiratory diseases of chickens (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, avian infectious laryngotracheitis (Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1), Newcastle disease (avian paramyxovirus 1), Avian metapneumovirus infection may be confused clinically to infectious bronchitis.

Through viremia, some nephrotropic strains (most of high virulence) could infect the kidney epithelium in tubules and nephron, causing kidney failure. At gross examination, kidneys may appear swollen and pale in color and with urates in ureters

In hens, the viremic IBV will also reach the oviduct, causing lesions in the magnum (the egg white gland) and in the uterus (the egg shell gland), leading to a sharp decline of egg production, shell less, fragile or roughened shells eggs (uterus lesion) with watery whites (magnum lesion). Infection of chickens at puberty, during the oviduct development, will impede oviduct formation and destroy future laying capacity, resulting in "false layers". However, other diseases affecting layer chickens could lead to that condition.

There are both attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines available. Their effectiveness is diminished by poor cross protection. The nature of the protective immune response to IBV is poorly understood, but the surface spike protein, the amino terminal S1 half, is sufficient to induce good protective immunity. Experimental vector IB vaccines and genetically manipulated IBVs—with heterologous spike protein genes—have produced promising results, including in the context of in ovo vaccination.