Неміс сәулетшісі Фриц Хёгер: Еңбек жолы мен шығармашылығы

German architect

Johann Friedrich (Fritz) Höger (12 June 1877 – 21 June 1949) was a German architect from Bekenreihe, Steinburg, Schleswig Holstein in Northern Germany. Although never qualified as an architect, he became known for his Brick Expressionist style of architecture.

Höger was the eldest of six siblings in a family who ran a small carpentry business. At the age of 14, Höger trained as a carpenter in Elmshorn and then went on to Hamburg for his masters which was completed in 1899. Following this he joined the architectural firm Lundt and Kallmorgen in Hamburg, where he worked as a technical draftsman. After his four year stint there, Höger joined the company of his future father in law, Fritz Oldenburg, and married Fritz's daughter Annie in 1905.

Höger is renowned for his use of brick, in the style of Brick Expressionism. Höger opened his own architecture office in 1907, but because of his lack of higher education he was not admitted to the Association of German Architects. Regardless, he received many commissions for private homes around Hamburg. It was during this time that Höger established his style with the use of bricks, particularly clinker bricks, which are more robust and frost resistant due to the higher temperature they are fired at. Höger's style was seen in the 'dished house' which is now home to the department store Kaufhof. It features a strong vertical and horizontal layout with the placement of the eaves and stepped floors, a technique which became typical to Höger's style of building. Like Schumacher, Höger thought brick and clinker brick showed an "earthiness" that was familiar to the German people, particularly because these materials were typical for Northern Germany. Höger constructed several other buildings, more prominently a publishing office which included a planetarium, the Anzeiger Hochhaus (Gazette Building) between 1927 1928. The 51m high building was the first skyscraper in Hannover. It features a now green copper dome and red clinker bricks offset with a decorative gold. The dome originally housed a planetarium, and is now a cinema. Other notable works include the Kirche am Hohenzollernplatz in Berlin and the Wilhelmshaven town hall. In 1927 Höger joined the cultural staff of the Völkischer Beobachter and joined the NSDAP in 1932.

From 1914 to 1918 Höger completed his military duty in the first world war in Flanders, France. Later during World War II Höger sympathized with National Socialism (Nazism) and joined the party in 1932. However his expressionistic style did not meet Hitler's taste. As Höger did not follow the preferred classicist marble style of Nazi architecture, he could not obtain a position as state architect.