Ишана: Шиваның солтүстік-шығыс қыры және құдайлығы

Hindu direction deity

Ishana (Sanskrit: ईशान, IAST: Īśāna), is a Hindu god and the dikapala of the northeast direction. He is often considered to be one of the forms of the god Shiva, He is venerated in Hinduism, some schools of Buddhism and Jainism. In the Vastu Shastra, the north eastern corner of a plot of land is referred to as "Ishana". Ishana also shares qualities with Samhara Bhairava and is therefore a part of the Ashta Bhairava.

An early mention of Ishana is in one of the Pañchabrahma Mantrāṇī found in the Taittiriya Aranyaka (TA 10.21.1) of the Krishna Yajurveda (c.1200 BCE):

ईशानस्सर्वविद्यानां ईश्वरस्सर्वभूतानां ब्रह्माधिपतिर्ब्रह्मणोऽधिपतिर्ब्रह्माशिवो मे अस्तु सदाशिवोम्। which the Shiva Purana calls the "Ishana Mantra", though the Purana calls a different verse from the same Samhita which also mentions Ishana (VS 39.8) the "Ishana Mantra" as well.

One verse of the Linga Purana describes Ishana as "the omnipresent lord of all". In another verse, one who makes the idol of Ishana is said to be "honoured in the world of Vishnu." In one verse, he is said to hold an axe while in another, he is described as wielding a trident. Ishana described as being stationed in every being as the organ of speech. The Purana mentions Ishana as one of the deities present at Daksha's sacrifice who was attacked by Virabhadra. He is also described as having attended the svayamvara of Parvati to Shiva.

The Brahmavaivarta Purana states that Ishana was born out of the left eye of Krishna. He is described as wearing tiger's skin, adorned with a crescent crown on his head, possessing three eyes and holding a trident, patissa (sword) and club. He became the leader of the Dikpalas.

The Pañchabrahmas are five specific aspects of Shiva collectively taken together. These aspects include Sadyojata, Vamadeva, Aghora, Tatpurusha, and Ishana. As one of the Panchabrahmas, Ishana is the source of spontaneous grace directed to all beings and to all worlds.

According to Vastu Shastra, it is auspicious for homes and offices to be situated in the northeast. North is the direction wealth resides, associated with Kubera, while East is the direction where knowledge resides, associated with Indra. For this reason, Ishana symbolizes the culmination of both knowledge and wealth.

He is a chief among the gods of Paranirmitavaśavarti, the sixth heaven of the Kāmadhātu. According to the Ainōshō, there is a theory that this deity is synonymous with Pāpīyas as well as the Shinto deity Izanagi. The Jinnō Shōtōki also states that there is a theory that the names of Japan's primordial creator gods Izanagi and Izanami are the same as the Sanskrit names Īśāna and Īśānī. Īśānī is Īśāna's consort. According to the Secret Storehouse Records (祕藏記) she is flesh white in color and wields a spear.