Александр Грин: Романтика теңіз және қиял әлемінің жазушысы

Russian writer
Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky (better known by his pen name, Aleksander Green / Grin (spelling varies in non Russian literature), , 23 August 1880 – 8 July 1932) was a Russian writer, notable for his romantic novels and short stories, mostly set in an unnamed fantasy land with a European or Latin American flavor (Grin's fans often refer to this land as Grinlandia). Most of his writings deal with sea, adventures, and love.

Alexander Grin was born Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky (Алекса́ндр Степа́нович Грине́вский) in Slobodskoy, Vyatka Governorate (now in Kirov Oblast) in 1880, the son of the Pole Stefan Hryniewski (pronounced in Russian as Stefan Grinevsky). Stefan was sent away to Tula as punishment after participating in the January Uprising of 1863, and of a Russian nurse, Anna Lyapkova. Aleksandr, after graduating from a school in Vyatka (in 1896), went to Odessa and lived the life of a vagabond. Grin and his first wife Vera Pavlovna Abramova (whom he married in 1910) lived from 1910 to 1912. In 1912 he returned to Saint Petersburg and divorced his wife. At that time, Grin published mostly short stories; most of his larger works were written after the 1917 October Revolution and enjoyed significant popularity in the first half of the 1920s. In 1921 he married Nina Nikolaevna Grin. In 1924 they moved to Feodosiya to live near the sea. In his late days, Grin's romantic visions contrasted starkly with mainstream Soviet literature; publishers in Moscow and Leningrad refused to consider his romantic writings, and Grin and his wife lived in extreme poverty. Grin suffered from alcoholism and tuberculosis, which eventually ruined his health. He died of stomach cancer in 1932 in Stary Krym. In his book Sculpting in Time, filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky describes how Grin, when dying of hunger, "went off into the mountains with a home made bow and arrow to shoot some sort of game". He offers Grin as an example of a poet in the deepest sense: one with "an awareness of the world, a particular way of relating to reality a philosophy to guide a man throughout his life".

Most of Alexander Grin's writings bear no direct relation to the reality of Imperial and Soviet Russia that he lived in. The setting of most of his novels and short stories is an unnamed land by the sea, apparently far from Europe but with all characters being Western European in name and appearance. Even his literary pseudonym (Grin) is a de Russified form of his real last name (Grinevsky). Described by some critics as "adolescent fiction", Grin's works have many things in common with the reality of the early 20th century (such as automobiles and banks). Populated by sea captains, sailors, scientists, travelers, criminals, extravagant aristocrats, childlike girls, elegant villains, and strong spirited heroes who always stay true to their dreams, Grin's world is often referred to as Grinlandia by fans. Some of his novels contain an element of magic – not as an established part of his world, but always as a miracle that changes the lives of those who encounter it.