Салыстыру соғысы: Папалық штаттар мен итальян қалалары (1375-1378)

1375–78 war between Papal States and Italian city states

The War of the Eight Saints (1375–1378) was a war between Pope Gregory XI and a coalition of Italian city states led by Florence that contributed to the end of the Avignon Papacy.

The causes of the war were rooted in interrelated issues, Florentine opposition to the expansion of the Papal States in central Italy (which the Avignon Popes had set as a condition for their return), and antipathy toward the Parte Guelfa in Florence. Specifically, Florence feared in the autumn of 1372 that Gregory XI intended to reoccupy a strip of territory near Lunigiana, which Florence had conquered from Bernabò Visconti, and that the Ubaldini might switch from Florentine to Papal allegiance. Gregory XI also harbored various grievances against Florence for their refusal to aid him directly in his war against the Visconti of Milan. Hawkwood also received a 600 florin annual salary for the next five years and a lifetime annual pension of 1,200 florins. The transalpine mercenaries employed by Gregory XI against Milan, now unemployed, were often a source of friction and conflict in papal towns.

Florence formed an alliance with Milan in July 1375, immediately prior to the outbreak of the war, and the prosecution of the war was entirely delegated to an eight member committee appointed by the Signoria of Florence: the Otto della Guerra. of Florentines and the confiscation of their property throughout Europe. However, in October 1377, the government of Florence forced the clergy to resume religious services causing Angelo Ricasoli, Bishop of Florence, and Neri Corsini, Bishop of Fiesole, to flee Florentine territory. As a result of Gregory XI's economic sanctions, merchants of the Florentine "diaspora" were hurt economically throughout Europe, particularly the Alberti bankers in Avignon, although the interdict was ignored by many, including Charles V of France. In the spring of 1377, papal mercenaries recaptured Bologna, which up until that point had been a key Florentine ally. A peace treaty was finally concluded at Tivoli in July 1378, negotiated with Pope Urban VI.