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Shinto purification ritual

or ([[Wiktionary:祓 or [[Wiktionary:祓い) is the general term for ritual purification in Shinto. is one of four essential elements involved in a Shinto ceremony. The purpose is the purification of pollution or sins and uncleanness These concepts include bad luck and disease as well as guilt in the English sense. is often described as purification, but it is also known as an exorcism to be done before worship.

There are various ways in which is practiced. At the Ise Grand Shrine, "the holiest of all Shinto shrines", wooden charms named , another name for or , are hung all over the shrine. In all Shinto religious ceremonies, is performed in the beginning of the ritual to cleanse any evil, pollution or sins away before anyone gives offerings to the Often, water and salt are used for the ceremonies to rinse hands and the face, as well as the shrine before it is prepared with offerings of goods and food. Then the priest, along with the rest of the participants of the ritual chant a solemn liturgy before the assistant priest purifies the offerings using a wand called

Another method used to perform harae is , in which a participant stands under a cold waterfall while chanting a liturgy. ([[Wiktionary:禊) is said to be done on the 11th day of the month, including the winter months at the Tsubaki Grand Shrine. is another method performed as a cleansing ritual to cleanse a large group of people. This ritual is practiced mostly in June and December to purify the nation, as well as after a disaster occurs. The practice is also performed at the year end festival and also before major national festivals. (修祓), a cleansing ritual performed by sprinkling salt, is another practice of the Shinto religion. Salt is used as a purifier by placing small piles in front of restaurants, known as (盛り塩) or (塩花), for the two fold purposes of warding off evil and attracting patrons. In addition, sprinkling salt over a person after attending a funeral is also practiced commonly in the Shinto religion. Another example of this cleansing ritual is to sprinkle water at the gate of one's home, both in the morning and evening.