Кэри әулетінің тарихы мен географиясы

Family name

Carey, Cary or Carrey is a surname that has four distinct geographical origins, in order of numeracy: Ireland, the English West Country, Wales and France. The surname arises from nine recorded distinct patronymics in Ireland, and is numerous and widespread; the many original forms have been listed by the National Folklore Collection of Ireland in 2015, increasing the number of variants quoted by the Registrar General of Ireland in 1890. Some forms contain the Old Irish adjective 'ciar' 'black/dark', of which Ó Ciardha (County Kildare, County Westmeath & 'many parts of the south of Ireland'), Ó Ciaráin (County Cork), Ó Céirín, and Ó Ciarmhaic in some parts of Munster; also from the County Galway and County Meath surname Mac Fhiachra, through its early phonetic anglicisations of Keighry, Kehery & c.; and from Ó Carráin/Ó Corráin (County Tipperary), with the Irish root 'carra/corra' 'spear'; and MacFhearadhaigh (MacCarry/MacCary), root 'fear' 'man', of County Antrim. It may derive from the English West Country, viz. Castle Cary on the River Cary in Somerset and/or Carey Barton on the River Carey in Devon, containing either the Pre Celtic element 'kar' 'stony/hard' (Watts, 2004), or the Celtic language element 'car' 'dear/pleasant' (Hanks, 2003). or the Pre Celtic element 'car' 'stony/stones' as in Carey Tor, Bodmin Moor. Carey occurs as a variant of (de) Carrey in archives in Normandy, Burgundy, Franche Comté etc., in France from habitational names, possibly with the Pre Celtic element 'car' 'stony/stones'. The Norman name is probably the origin of the surname in Guernsey, Channel Islands. In 2010, British telephone directories showed highest numbers of Careys in areas of Irish immigration: Greater London (320), Greater Manchester & Lancashire (272), Kent (163), West Yorkshire (145) and West Midlands (145).

The Southern Uí Néill sept of Ó Ciardha was dispersed by the end of the 12th century (Woulfe, MacLysaght, et al. op. cit.) due to the incursions of the Cambro Norman invaders. Their territory at Carbury was later settled by the De Berminghams, who built the castle on top of the ancient hill settlement. This ua Ciardha sept are recorded early, e. g. 'ua Ciardai, ri Cairpri', i. e. O Carey, king of Carbury, in AD 954, Annals of Ulster, 'MaelRuaining hua Ciardha, rí Cairpri', 993, Annals of Tigernach. Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372) wrote of 'Ó Ciardha over Cairbre of poets, of the tribes of Nine hostaged Niall'. The Genealogies of Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh (c 1400) mentions them: 'O Ciarda obtained heavy profit of the land of Cairbre'. They seem to re appear in 17th century records for County Meath, County Westmeath and County Offaly. O' Donovan writes in his notes to the above 'Topographical poems of Ó Dubhagáin and Ó hUidhrín', (1862): 'O Ciardha is now anglicised Keary and Carey, and the name is common, but to be found only among the lower orders' (note 379), and 'Ó Ciardha, now anglicised Keary and Carey, a rather numerous name in the counties of Meath and Kildare' (note 447). However, this epithet type surname from 'ciar' 'dark/black' is common and widespread in Ireland and has arisen independently in other parts of the country, notably in Cos Cork, Kerry and Mayo, including diminutive forms such as Ó Ciaráin, Ó Céirín Ó Ciarmhacháin and Ó Cearáin. For example, in the Annals of Ulster in 1224 we find 'Mathgamain mac Ceithernaigh h Ui Ceirín, rí Ciaraidhe Lacha na Nairne, mortuus est'. Early examples are found in those counties; and these other Carey families would not belong to the well known midland Uí Néill sept of Ó Ciardha. For example, it has been claimed that the East Cork family anciently using the form Ó Ciaráin would account for bearers of the name Carey with origins in East Cork and the adjacent parts of Waterford (Woulfe op. cit., MacLysaght op. cit. ), whereas the West Cork Careys may well have arisen separately, but having the same etymological source in the adjective/attribute 'ciar', which occurs anciently as 'cer'.

Some examples from the Fiants (mostly in receipt of 'pardons' for 'rebellion'): Dermot M'Donoghe O' Cary, 'gent, lord and captain' of Duhallow, North West Co Cork, 1561; Maurice Kerry, County Wexford, 1561; Patrick O' Kearine, East Cork, 1570; James Cary, County Meath, 1582; O' Kearane, County Cork, 1599; Margery Ny Kerrye, County Cork, 1600; William O'Carie of County Longford, 1602; Donnell O' Kearyne, South East Cork, 1602; O' Keryne, County Clare, several 1600s. A number of bearers occur in the '1641 Depositions', notably in Co Mayo, e. g. Cormac Cary and Co Westmeath, e. g. Laughlin Ó Cary. In King James 11's Irish Army, 1688–90 (v. Williamite War in Ireland) is Thomas Carey (alias Keary in French records), Ensign, Barrett's Regiment, Co Cork. There is also listed in French records an Ensign Kery in Creagh's Regiment. Regarding the above forms, Gaelic names would have been 1) simplified over time in local speech, and 2) spelt phonetically by English 17th century officials, who would also have assimilated them to British models where available; there are common Irish names whose anglicised forms coincide with rarer British names, e. g. Brady, (Mac Brádaigh), Boyle (Ó Baoighill), Conway (Mac Connmhaigh, Mac Conmidhe & c.), Cullen (Ó Cuilinn & c). By the mid 17th century, records taken by the Cromwellian official Sir William Petty, known as the1659 Census, shows 'Cary' as a 'Principal Irish Name' in County Meath and County Offaly, 'McCarey/McCarrey' as a Principal Irish Name in County Westmeath and 'Kegry' also in the same county. Three 'tituladoes', or owners of land, of the name are recorded in the 1659 Census for Co Cork: one native Irish, William Cary in Kilbrittain, West Cork, head of an extensive 'family' of 23; one of possibly Norman origin, Theophilus Cary (also 'Carew' in the 'Census') sheriff of Cork, just west of Cork city in modern Ballincollig in Barretts Barony; and one English, Capt. Peter Cary, (also 'Carew' in the 'Census') a Cromwellian soldier, purchaser of a considerable estate in North East Cork. A number of native forms appears in the Hearth Money Rolls for Co Tipperary in 1664/5/7. These native householders would have been the progenitors of the numerous Carey families recorded in Tipperary in the 1850s (Griffith's 'Primary Valuation'). Examples in 1664 in South Tipperary: Patrick McCarda, Michael Carrig, Thomas Carry, John Cary, Wm Cary, Connor Cary, William Cary, Graine Carhe, John McCarragh, Morrish Carragh, Daniell Kyary, David Keary etc. ; and in North Tipperary: Donnogh O' Chara, Derby Carragh, Rory McCarry, Matthew Carry, Unny Carrigh, Unny Carey and so forth. In the 1661 Poll Money Book for Clonmel, is Teige Cary, a 'gunstocker'. In the 1659 'Census' (O) Carrane, Carran etc. occurs throughout Tipperary in large numbers, e. g. in Iffa and Offa Barony 22 householders, in Middlethird 34. The Religious Census of 1766 for Co Tipperary has many entries for Car(e)y, all of whom are native 'Papists': e. g. John & Cornelius Cary, Clonoulty; Thomas Keary, Kilfeacle; Daniel Keary, Killea; Laughlin Carey and four other Careys, Cahir; John Carey/Keary, Lattin; Darby plus three other Carys, Soloheadmore etc. ; Edm Keary, Templenoe etc. There are several Carews, also 'Papists', in Cloneen, Toom and Fethard. Throughout this period and the following centuries, as noted by the Registrar General, R. E. Matheson in his report of 1901, surnames in Ireland had become altered in form by regional dialects and pronunciation, the anomalies of anglicisation and the effects of illiteracy, so as to occur in a bewildering variety of forms, even within the same families. Alongside this is the process of simplification already mentioned, reinforced by the mutation of the Irish form into English letters, e. g. the 'y' ending in English replacing 'aigh', 'aidh', 'dha' and even 'n' endings, 'áin, ín' etc. cf. 'Tipperary' and Irish original 'Tiobrad Árann'.

By the time of the 'Primary Valuation (1847–64)' of Richard Griffith, County Tipperary had the most Carey households (239) followed by County Cork (177), County Limerick (108), County Dublin (94) and County Mayo (81), out of a total of Carey households in Ireland of 1,308. The Cary spelling occurs mostly in Westmeath (11) and Donegal (11), with a total of 33. For Keary: most in Tipperary (11), Dublin (8) and Westmeath (7) with a total of 64. All these forms are variants, with Carey becoming the most frequent mid to late 1800s. A conservative approximate total number of bearers in the 1850s may be got by multiplying the total households by an average per household of 4 (a minimal figure given the size of families then), giving 5, 364 (this figure not including other variants like Keary). Birth figures for the year 1890, from the Registrar General's 'Special Report ' (1894) were 118, of which 59 were in Munster, 36 Leinster, 13 Connacht and 10 Ulster. Principal counties were Cork, Dublin, Tipperary, Mayo & Kerry. Similarly, by multiplying the total of 118 by the average birthrate for 1890 which is 1 in 44.8, gives 5, 286. Many bearers of the name would have been part of the intense emigration from Ireland in the years following the Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–52).

Cary is a Somerset surname possibly from one of the places therein such as Castle Cary or Lytes Cary, Pre Celtic or Celtic language Kari/Cari, as the river. It occurs early, e. g. in the Somerset 'Feet of Fines': Philip de Kary (1203), Gunilda de Kary (1235), Peter de Cary (1280). The spelling Cary is still frequent in Somerset, as a look at telephone directories and electoral registers shows. Car(e)ys are recorded in the Mormon International Genealogical Index in Somerset: Walter Carye, Ansford, 1555, Richard Cary, Pilton, 1559, Jone Carye, Evercreech, 1576. Car(e)y is also a Devonshire name, possibly from the place in Devon on the River Carey, just east of Launceston, recorded as 'Kari' (Pre Celtic or Celtic language) in the Domesday Book (1086). An early bearer of the name, Sanson de Cari, held lands in Buckland in Devon in 1197 (Devon Feet of Fines, No. 4). The Mormon I. G. I has entries for Car(e)y in Devon (records begin in 1538): e. g. Henry Cary, Knowstone, 1553, William Carey, Woodbury, 1560, Nicholas Cary, Honiton, 1571. The Devonshire Cary family of Cockington and the Manor of Clovelly recorded their eponymous ancestor in the 1564 'Visitation of Devon' as 'John Cary of Cary'. Car(e)y is also a surname in Cornwall, for which there are several possible derivations, which must also apply to the adjacent county of Devon : 1) one of several places in Cornwall with the Brythonic element 'car/caer' 'fort/enclosure', such as Kerrow, Cairo (there exist many antique site 'Caer' type names as in 'Caer Kief') – a source also of the Carew surname; 2) a local topographical name from root Pre Celtic 'kar' viz. 'stone/stony' as in Carey Tor in Bodmin Moor; 3) Car(e)y (river) of St. Giles in the Heath, West Devon; 4) Carew of Pembrokeshire (also from root 'caer' 'fort') the Cambro Norman surname. The Mormon I. G. I. for Cornwall records several Carey births; some early ones: John Cari, St Just, 1550, Ede Cary, St Just, 1556, Edvardus Careye, St. Ewe, 1605, Cary is also found in records in Brittany (e. g. Ille et Vilaine). However, an alternative origin for some families of West Country Car(e)y may be, as with the Careys of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, Norman French or Breton. As early as 1150–61 one Geoffrey de Kari is mentioned in the Norman rolls held in Calvados, as giving land to the monks near Bruton, Somerset; the other donors mentioned have Norman names: de Cantelu, de Carevilla & c.

As early as the 1841 Census Carey is found in significant numbers in Somerset (213 + 302 Cary), but also in South East England in Kent (210 + 11 Cary) and Sussex (194 + 13 Cary) Carr(e)y also occurs as a variant in all three counties.

In the 21st century, by far the largest population of Careys is found in the US, with 54,924 individuals recorded in 2010. Many American Careys are able to trace their family origins back to Ireland via one of the waves of emigration from there, especially from the time of the Great Famine of 1845–1852. The large numbers of Irish Careys, well attested in the shipping registers, for the most part landing in New York and spreading through the northern states and later westwards, followed the demographics of Irish immigration. Of earlier inception, however, is Mathew Carey (1760–1839), the Irish nationalist who fled his native Dublin to settle in Philadelphia, where he founded a publishing house. More typical is former Governor of New York, Hugh Carey (1919–2011) a leading Irish American politician descended from a 19th century County Mayo emigrant. It is possible that the former would be of Ó Ciardha stock, whilst the latter is most probably an Ó Cearáin through his ancestor 'Michael Kirrane'. Other Carys are of English, particularly West Country extraction, such as the Cary family of Virginia, descended from Miles Cary of Bristol (1623–1667)