Сероцк тарихы: Польша қаласының ғасырлар бойғы жолы

Serock is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, around north of Warsaw. It has 4,109 inhabitants (2013).

The stronghold was founded in the 10th century, shortly after the creation of the Polish state by the Piast dynasty. The first mention of the settlement dates from 1065 with the so called "Falsyfikat mogileński," a document from the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno. The town is situated on the route which was the trade route leading from Gdańsk and Truso to Rus'. Between 1113 and 1124, Serock was also mentioned in a list as one of the most important princely castles of Mazovia, which operated a river crossing (the Bug and Narew rivers intersect beside Serock) with a customs house. During the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, Serock became part of the Duchy of Masovia, still ruled by the founding Piast dynasty. In 1417, Serock was granted town rights under Chełmno law by Janusz I of Warsaw. By then it was already a craft and commercial center. From this period the urban layout was created in the form of the market square and the late Gothic church of the parish. Serock was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In the 15th and 17th century municipal courts were held there. From 1655 to 1660, during the Swedish invasion, the town was largely destroyed. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, it was located in the Prussian Partition. In 1807 it came under the possession of the short lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815 it was part of so called Congress Poland in the Russian Partition of Poland. Serock repeatedly was on the battle lines on the outskirts of Warsaw, including in 1794, 1809 and 1831. In 1806, on the orders of Napoleon I fortifications were built in Serock. From 1807 it was a fortress. During the Polish–Austrian war in 1809, it was the operational location of General Józef Niemojewski's troops. Then the fortress was expanded (at the initiative of the French Marshal Davout) until 1811, when it gained greater importance than Modlin Fortress. In 1831 the Polish army formed in Serock (during the November Uprising). After the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising, Serock was deprived of town rights by the Russian administration in 1870, and entered a period of stagnation. The town rights were eventually restored in 1923.

In September 1939, Serock was a place of fighting between the Poles and the invading Germans during the Invasion of Poland, which started World War II. On September 5, 1939, around 50–70 people, both inhabitants of Serock and refugees from nearby Nasielsk, were killed in a German air raid. Under German occupation, Serock was annexed directly to the Third Reich, and the boundary between the Third Reich and the General Government proceeded along the Narew river. In autumn of 1939 the Germans carried out massacres of around 150 Poles from Serock in the nearby forest as part of the Intelligenzaktion. In December 1939, around 3,000 Jews were expelled from the town by the Germans. In April and October 1940, the Germans carried out mass arrests of hundreds of local Poles, many of whom were deported to concentration camps, From 1940 to 1944 there was a forced labor camp there, the prisoners of which were mostly Poles from Serock and nearby villages, some of whom were afterwards deported to forced labour elsewhere. The stones had been gathered by a non Jewish resident who roped off the area. In 2006, a visit by members of the Jewish Records Indexing Poland project confirmed this and an attempt is under way to establish a memorial on the site of the former Jewish cemetery. The United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad is involved in the project.

In 1948 Serock was visited by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. In 1963 the Zegrze Reservoir was formed, and Serock developed as a popular vacation destination for inhabitants of nearby Warsaw.

In Serock there are small service and manufacturing industries. Goods manufactured here are mainly food, electrical engineering, ceramics, furniture and equipment. Around the town, strawberries and vegetables are grown.

Serock is a recreational and relaxation site. Holiday resorts and conference and training centres are located here or nearby. There is also a haven for passenger shipping. There are numerous organised hiking trails, including the road brook and ravine at the top of the Barbarka. Through the village runs the tourist walking trail with Dębego. As a result of the damming of the Bug and Narew rivers, conditions are ideal for water sports and fishing. There are approximately 4,500 recreational homes in the area. The location is also a center of culture and sport. There's a lot of organised cultural events, including the International Folklore Review Kupalnocka (including experienced teams from Taiwan, Russia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Chile, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Greece, Egypt, Italy, France, Turkey, Canada, Croatia, and the Netherlands) and Serock Summer Music (including vocal and instrumental concerts at the top of Barbarka).

Serock is at an intersection of national roads 61 and 62 which has bus connections but no railway connections.