1635 жылғы Ұлы Колониялық дауыл: Жаңа Англия тарихындағы ең күшті дауыл

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1635

The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635 brushed Virginia and then passed over southeastern New England in August. Accounts of the storm are very limited, but it was likely the most intense hurricane to hit New England since European colonization.

The first recorded mention of the Great Colonial Hurricane was on August 24, 1635, at the Virginia Colony at Jamestown. It affected Jamestown as a major hurricane, although no references can be found to damage, probably because the hurricane evidently moved past rapidly, well east of the settlement. Governors John Winthrop of Massachusetts Bay Colony and William Bradford of Plymouth Colony recorded accounts of the Great Colonial Hurricane. Both describe high winds, storm surges along the south facing coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and great destruction. An account from The Cogswells in America states: "'The storm was frightful at Pemaquid, the wind blowing from the northeast, the tide rising to a very unusual height, in some places more than twenty feet right up and down; this was succeeded by another and unaccountable tidal wave still higher.' The Angel Gabriel became a total wreck, passengers, cattle, and goods were all cast upon the angry waves. Three or four passengers and one seaman perished, and there was the loss of cattle and much property."

The Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of NOAA has conducted a re analysis project to re examine the National Hurricane Center's data about historic hurricanes. Brian Jarvinen used modern hurricane and storm surge computer models to recreate a storm consistent with contemporaneous accounts of the colonial hurricane. He estimated that the storm was probably a Cape Verde type hurricane considering its intensity, which took a track similar to the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944 and Hurricane Edna of 1954. The storm's eye would have struck Long Island before moving between Boston and Plymouth. It would have likely been a Category 4 or 5 hurricane farther south in the Atlantic, and was at least a strong Category 3 hurricane at landfall with sustained winds and a central pressure of at the Long Island landfall and at the mainland landfall. This would be the most intense known hurricane landfall north of Cape Fear, North Carolina if accurate. Jarvinen noted that the colonial hurricane may have caused the highest storm surge along the east coast in recorded history at 20 feet (6 m) near the head of Narragansett Bay. He concluded that "this was probably the most intense hurricane in New England history."