Әскери жұмылдыруға қарсылық қозғалысы

Activity opposing military recruitment
Counter recruitment refers to activity opposing military recruitment, in some or all of its forms. Among the methods used are research, consciousness raising, political advocacy and direct action. Most such activity is a response to recruitment by state armed forces, but may also target intelligence agencies, private military companies, and non state armed groups.

Counter recruitment (which has long been a strategy of pacifist and other anti war groups) received a boost in the United States with the unpopularity of the war in Iraq and brief recruitment difficulties of branches of the U. S. military, particularly the Army; although the Army has met, or exceeded, its recruitment goals year after year during that period. Beginning in early 2005, the U. S. counter recruitment movement grew, particularly on high school and college campuses, where it is often led by students who see themselves as targeted for military service in a war they do not support.

The counter recruitment movement was the successor to the anti draft movement with the end of conscription in the United States in 1973, just after the end of the Vietnam War. The military increased its recruiting efforts, with the total number of recruiters, recruiting stations, and dollars spent on recruiting each more than doubling between 1971 and 1974. Anti war and anti draft activists responded with a number of initiatives, using tactics similar to those used by counter recruiters today. Activists distributed leaflets to students, publicly debated recruiters, and used equal access provisions to obtain space next to recruiters to dispute their claims. The American Friends Service Committee (A. F. S. C.) and the Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors (C. C. C. O.) began publishing counter recruitment literature and attempting to coordinate the movement nationally. These organizations have been continuously involved in counter recruitment to the present day.

Most counter recruitment work in the U. S. is focused at the policy level of public school systems. This work is generally done by parents and grandparents of school aged children, and the most common activity is information and advocacy with school officials (principals, school boards, etc.) and with the general population in their local school area. CR at the K12 level is categorically different from other movements, since most of the students are underaged minors and parents are their legal custodians and guardians, not the schools. The most common policy goal is that the frequency of military recruiters' visits to public schools, their locations in schools, and their types of activities be controlled rather than unlimited. Many of the larger urban school districts have implemented such guidelines since 2001. Other goals have included "truth in recruiting", that counselors or curriculum elements be implemented to address the deficiency in high school students' understanding of war and the military life, rather than allowing military recruiters to perform that role. On high school campuses, counter recruitment activists since 2001 have also focused around a provision of the No Child Left Behind Act, which requires that high schools provide contact and other information to the military for all of their students who do not opt out. Counter recruitment campaigns have attempted to change school policy to ban recruiters regardless of the loss of federal funds, to be active about informing students of their ability to opt out, and/or to allow counter recruiters access to students equal to the access given to military recruiters. These political campaigns have had some success, particularly in the Los Angeles area, where one has been led by the Coalition Against Militarism in Our Schools, and the San Francisco Bay Area. A simpler and easier, though perhaps less effective, strategy by counter recruiters has been to show up before or after the school day and provide students entering or exiting their school with opt out forms, produced by the local school district or by a sympathetic national legal organization such as the American Civil Liberties Union or the National Lawyers Guild. Organizations which have attempted to organize such campaigns on a national scale include A. F. S. C. and C. C. C. O., the Campus Antiwar Network (C. A. N.), and the War Resisters League. Code Pink, with the Ruckus Society, has sponsored training camps on counter recruitment as well as producing informational literature for use by counter recruiters. United for Peace and Justice has counter recruitment as one of its seven issue specific campaigns. Mennonite Central Committee is another resource on the subject. Some of these organizations focus on counter recruitment in a specific sector, such as high schools or colleges, while the National network Opposing the Militarization of Youth, founded in 2004, deals with the larger issue of militarism as it affects young people and society.

In response to the Canadian Forces' role as a member of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, an anti war movement developed in Canada which has tried to utilize counter recruitment as a part of its efforts. In particular, Operation Objection emerged as the umbrella counter recruitment campaign in Canada. Operation Objection claimed to have active counter recruitment operations in 8 to 10 Canadian cities. However, coordinated attempts at counter recruitment activism in Canada have been fairly limited as of late, and for the most part, unsuccessful. In the 2005–06 academic year at York University, the York Federation of Students, a federation representing ten of the university's student unions, clashed with a Canadian Forces recruiter forcibly removing the recruiter and the kiosk from the Student Center. York University maintains that the Canadian Forces have the same right to recruit as any other employer participating in career fairs on campus. On October 25, 2007, an attempt by the student union at the University of Victoria to ban Canadian Forces from participating in career fairs on campus failed when the student body voted overwhelmingly in favour of allowing the Canadian military to participate in recruitment and career development activities available to students. Approximately 500 students, five times the usual attendance, appeared at the Annual General Meeting of the University of Victoria Students' Society (UVSS), and voted to defeat the motion proposed to stop the Canadian Forces from appearing on campus at career development events, with an estimated 25 votes in favour of the ban. Those voting against the ban argued that the ban was a restriction on freedom of choice and an infringement of students' free speech, that it went beyond the mandate of student government, and that student union executives should not be advocating policy that does not reflect the views of the fee paying student body. In November 2007, the Minister of Education for Prince Edward Island, Gerard Greenan, was requested by the Council of Canadians to ban military recruitment on PEI campuses. The Minister responded that military service "is a career and we think its right to let the Armed Forces have a chance to present this option to students."